1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-A] pyridine derivatives and their use for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to methods of treating various central nervous system disorders using novel triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives of Formula (I) 
                         
wherein all radicals are as defined in the claims. The compounds according to the invention are positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (“mGluR2”), which are useful for the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which the mGluR2 subtype of metabotropic receptors is involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, to processes to prepare such compounds and compositions, and to the use of such compounds for the prevention or treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which mGluR2 is involved.

IN THE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/945,863, filed Nov. 19, 2015, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 14/556,563, filed Dec. 1, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,226,930 issued on Jan. 5, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/319,541, filed Apr. 5, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,937,060 issued on Jan. 20, 2015, which is a National Stage Entry of PCT/EP10/02910, filed May 11, 2010, which claims priority to European Application No. 09160059.3, filed May 12, 2009, the contents of each are hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine derivatives which are positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (“mGluR2”) and which are useful for the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which the mGluR2 subtype of metabotropic receptors is involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, to processes to prepare such compounds and compositions, and to the use of such compounds for the prevention or treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which mGluR2 is involved.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Glutamate is the major amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Glutamate plays a major role in numerous physiological functions, such as learning and memory but also sensory perception, development of synaptic plasticity, motor control, respiration, and regulation of cardiovascular function. Furthermore, glutamate is at the centre of several different neurological and psychiatric diseases, where there is an imbalance in glutamatergic neurotransmission.

Glutamate mediates synaptic neurotransmission through the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptor channels (iGluRs), and the NMDA, AMPA and kainate receptors which are responsible for fast excitatory transmission.

In addition, glutamate activates metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) which have a more modulatory role that contributes to the fine-tuning of synaptic efficacy.

Glutamate activates the mGluRs through binding to the large extracellular amino-terminal domain of the receptor, herein called the orthosteric binding site. This binding induces a conformational change in the receptor which results in the activation of the G-protein and intracellular signalling pathways.

The mGluR2 subtype is negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase via activation of Gαi-protein, and its activation leads to inhibition of glutamate release in the synapse. In the central nervous system (CNS), mGluR2 receptors are abundant mainly throughout cortex, thalamic regions, accessory olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens.

Activating mGluR2 was shown in clinical trials to be efficacious to treat anxiety disorders. In addition, activating mGluR2 in various animal models was shown to be efficacious, thus representing a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of schizophrenia, epilepsy, drug addiction/dependence, Parkinson's disease, pain, sleep disorders and Huntington's disease.

To date, most of the available pharmacological tools targeting mGluRs are orthosteric ligands which activate several members of the family as they are structural analogues of glutamate.

A new avenue for developing selective compounds acting at mGluRs is to identify compounds that act through allosteric mechanisms, modulating the receptor by binding to a site different from the highly conserved orthosteric binding site.

It was demonstrated that such compounds do not activate the receptor by themselves. Rather, they enable the receptor to produce a maximal response to a concentration of glutamate, which by itself induces a minimal response. Mutational analysis has demonstrated unequivocally that the binding of mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators does not occur at the orthosteric site, but instead at an allosteric site situated within the seven transmembrane region of the receptor.

Animal data suggest that positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2 have effects in anxiety and psychosis models similar to those obtained with orthosteric agonists. Allosteric modulators of mGluR2 were shown to be active in fear-potentiated startle, and in stress-induced hyperthermia models of anxiety. Furthermore, such compounds were shown to be active in reversal of ketamine- or amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, and in reversal of amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle effect models of schizophrenia.

Recent animal studies further reveal that the selective positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 biphenyl-indanone (BINA) blocks a hallucinogenic drug model of psychosis, supporting the strategy of targeting mGluR2 receptors for treating glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Positive allosteric modulators enable potentiation of the glutamate response, but they have also been shown to potentiate the response to orthosteric mGluR2 agonists such as LY379268 or DCG-IV. These data provide evidence for yet another novel therapeutic approach to treat the above mentioned neurological and psychiatric diseases involving mGluR2, which would use a combination of a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR2 together with an orthosteric agonist of mGluR2.

WO 2007/104783, WO 2008/107479 and WO 2009/033704 (Addex & Janssen Pharmaceutica) describe pyridinone derivatives as mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators. WO 2009/062676 (Addex & Janssen) published on 22 May 2009 discloses imidazopyridine derivatives as mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators. The present triazolopyridine derivatives are centrally active, potent compounds providing alternative mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators with improved solubility and salt forming properties.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds having metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 modulator activity, said compounds having the Formula (I)

and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; -   m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, and 2; -   R is selected from methyl or trifluoromethyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl;     (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy,     C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino,     C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino,     morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and     trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from     hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted     C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl;     [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy;     4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹;     Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het²; and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;     and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of     (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h) below

wherein

-   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from     C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently     selected halo substituents or hydroxyl; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl,     C₁₋₃alkyloxy-C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents,     C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl;     unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the     phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may each be     independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently     selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino,     carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino,     morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted     phenyloxy; phenyloxy substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or     more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted     phenyloxy(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy; unsubstituted (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)oxy;     phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is     substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy,     and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected     halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl;     (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or     more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted     phenylamino; phenylamino substituted with 1 or 2 independently     selected halo substituents; (phenylC₁₋₃ alkyl)amino;     (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃ alkyl); (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl;     [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; Het¹; Het²; Het²oxy;     Het²methyloxy; Het³; and phenyl with two vicinal substituents which     taken together form a bivalent radical of formula     —N═CH—NH—  (a),     —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or     —O—CH₂—CH₂—NH—  (c); -   R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen;     trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyloxy; hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl; hydroxyl-C₁₋₃alkyloxy;     fluoroC₁₋₃alkyl; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyloxy; cyano; unsubstituted phenyl;     and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently     selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy,     hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (f), (g) or     (h);

wherein

-   each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) and W^(1f) is independently selected     from CH and N; -   each R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(7g), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(8g)     is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or each     CR^(7d)R^(8d), CR^(7e)R^(8e), CR^(7f)R^(8f), CR^(7g)R^(8g) form a     carbonyl group; -   each R^(9d), R^(9e), R^(9f), and R^(9g) is fluoro; -   each q1, q2, q3 or q4 is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; -   r is 0 or 1; -   s is 0 or 1; -   each R^(3b) and R^(3c) is selected from the group consisting of     C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently     selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted     with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group     consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl,     C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents,     C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl;     unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃ alkyl wherein the     phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may each be     independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently     selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino,     carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino,     morpholinyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl, and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃ alkyl;     (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃ alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or     more independently selected halo substituents;     (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃alkyl); phenyl with two vicinal substituents which     taken together form a bivalent radical of formula (a), (b) or (c) as     previously defined; Het¹; Het²; Het³; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;     C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently     selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents, or hydroxyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; and [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R^(3d) and R^(4d) are each independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; -   each R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(5c), R^(5d), R^(6a), R^(6b), R^(6c) and     R^(6d) is independently selected from the group consisting of     hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; or each pair R^(5a)R^(6a), R^(5b)R^(6b),     R^(5c)R^(6c), R^(5d)R^(6d) are substituents on the same carbon atom     and each CR^(5a)R^(6a), CR^(5b)R^(6b), CR^(5c)R^(6c), CR^(5d)R^(6d)     together form a (C═O) or a C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene radical; -   each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is selected from H, C₁₋₃alkyl and     C₁₋₃alkyloxy; -   wherein, in (L-e), -   when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a     substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl, phenyloxy     and phenylamino, each of which may be optionally substituted with 1     or 2 halo substituents; or -   when t is 1 or 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i) or     formula (j)

-   wherein -   each R^(13i) and R^(13j) is independently selected from methyl and     trifluoromethyl; -   each R^(14i) or R^(14j) is fluoro; -   each u1 and u2 is independently 0, 1 or 2; -   v1 is selected from the group of 0, 1 and 2; -   v2 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; -   each z1 and z2 is independently selected from the group of 0, 1 and     2; -   each k1 and k2 is independently selected from the group of 0, 1 and     2; -   wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; -   wherein in (L-g) -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of     hydrogen, methyl and -   phenyl when each x is 0 and y is 2; or -   Z is NR¹⁶ when each x is 1 and y is 1; -   wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group     consisting of -   hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or     3 halo substituents; -   wherein in (L-h), -   Q is O or N—R¹⁸, wherein R¹⁸ is selected from hydrogen and     C₁₋₃alkyl; -   wherein -   each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from     pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of     which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, halo,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2     or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting     of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and -   each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from     pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group     consisting of halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; -   each Het³ is a heterocyclic radical selected from 1,3-thiazolyl     optionally substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl;     unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; and unsubstituted     1H-indolyl; -   each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro,     bromo and iodo; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

The names of the compounds of the present invention were generated according to the nomenclature rules agreed upon by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) using Advanced Chemical Development, Inc., software (ACD/Name product version 10.01; Build 15494, 1 Dec. 2006). In case of tautomeric forms, the name of the depicted tautomeric form of the structure was generated. However it should be clear that the other non-depicted tautomeric form is also included within the scope of the present invention.

Definitions

The notation “C₁₋₃alkyl” or “C₁₋₆alkyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group, defines a saturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon radical having, unless otherwise stated, from 1 to 3 or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methyl-propyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 1-pentyl, 1-hexyl and the like.

The notation “C₃₋₇cycloalkyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group, defines a saturated, cyclic hydrocarbon radical having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

The notation “C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₃alkyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group, defines a saturated, cyclic hydrocarbon radical having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms bound through a saturated, straight hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylmethyl and the like.

The notation “halogen” or “halo” as used herein alone or as part of another group, refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo, with fluoro or chloro being preferred.

The notation “C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents” as used herein alone or as part of another group, defines an alkyl group as defined above, substituted with 1, 2, 3 or more halogen atoms, such as fluoromethyl; difluoromethyl; trifluoromethyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 1,1-difluoroethyl; 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl. Preferred examples of these groups are trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl and 1,1-difluoroethyl.

The notation “mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group, defines an alkyl group as defined above, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 halogen atoms, such as fluoromethyl; difluoromethyl; trifluoromethyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 1,1-difluoroethyl; 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl. Preferred examples of these groups are trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl and 1,1-difluoroethyl.

The notation “C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene” as used herein, refers to a bivalent C₃₋₇cycloalkane group, by removal of 2 hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom, such as for example, cyclopropylidene, cyclobutylidene, cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene and the like.

Whenever the term “substituted” is used in the present invention, it is meant, unless otherwise is indicated or is clear from the context, to indicate that one or more hydrogens, preferably from 1 to 3 hydrogens, more preferably from 1 to 2 hydrogens, more preferably 1 hydrogen, on the atom or radical indicated in the expression using “substituted” are replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a chemically stable compound, i.e. a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into a therapeutic agent.

The substituents covered by the terms Het¹, Het² or Het³ may be attached to the remainder of the molecule of formula (I) through any ring carbon or heteroatom as appropriate, if not otherwise specified. Thus, for example, when the Het¹ substituent is morpholinyl, it may be 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl or 4-morpholinyl; when the Het² substituent is pyridinyl, it may be 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl or 4-pyridinyl. Preferred Het¹ substituents are those linked to the rest of the molecule through the nitrogen atom.

It will be appreciated that some of the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and solvates thereof may contain one or more centres of chirality and exist as stereoisomeric forms.

The term “stereoisomeric forms” as used hereinbefore defines all the possible isomeric forms that the compounds of Formula (I) may possess. Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of compounds denotes the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms, said mixtures containing all diastereomers and enantiomers of the basic molecular structure. More in particular, stereogenic centres may have the R- or S-configuration; substituents on bivalent cyclic (partially) saturated radicals may have either the cis- or trans-configuration. Compounds encompassing double bonds can have an E- or Z-stereochemistry at said double bond. Stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I) are embraced within the scope of this invention.

When a specific stereoisomeric form is indicated, this means that said form is substantially free, i.e. associated with less than 50%, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10%, even more preferably less than 5%, in particular less than 2% and most preferably less than 1%, of the other isomers. Thus, when a compound of formula (I) is for instance specified as (R), this means that the compound is substantially free of the (S) isomer.

Following CAS nomenclature conventions, when two stereogenic centres of known absolute configuration are present in a compound, an R or S descriptor is assigned (based on Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rule) to the lowest-numbered chiral centre, the reference centre. The configuration of the second stereogenic centre is indicated using relative descriptors [R*,R*] or [R*,S*], where R* is always specified as the reference centre and [R*,R*] indicates centres with the same chirality and [R*,S*] indicates centres of unlike chirality. For example, if the lowest-numbered chiral centre in the compound has an S-configuration and the second centre is R, the stereo descriptor would be specified as S—[R*,S*]. If “α” and “β” are used: the position of the highest priority substituent on the asymmetric carbon atom in the ring system having the lowest ring number, is arbitrarily always in the “α” position of the mean plane determined by the ring system. The position of the highest priority substituent on the other asymmetric carbon atom in the ring system (hydrogen atom in compounds according to Formula (I)) relative to the position of the highest priority substituent on the reference atom is denominated “α” if it is on the same side of the mean plane determined by the ring system, or “β”, if it is on the other side of the mean plane determined by the ring system.

Preferred features of the compounds of this invention are now set forth.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from the group consisting of 0 and 1; -   m is selected from the group consisting of 0 and 1; -   R is selected from methyl or trifluoromethyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl;     (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy,     C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl,     morpholinyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy;     (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl     substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl;     [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; Het¹; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het²; and     Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;     and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   is selected from the group consisting of (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-d),     (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from     C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently     selected halo substituents or hydroxyl; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy-C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy,     and morpholinyl; unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl     wherein the phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may     each be independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted phenyloxy; phenyloxy     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents, and     C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)oxy;     phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is     substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents, and     C₁₋₃alkyloxy; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo     substituents; unsubstituted phenylamino; phenylamino substituted     with 1 or 2 halo substituents; (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)amino;     (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃alkyl); Het¹; Het²; Het²oxy; Het²methyloxy; and     Het³; -   R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen;     trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and unsubstituted phenyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (g), (g) or     (h); wherein -   each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) and W^(1f) is independently selected     from CH and N; -   each R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(7g), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8g) is     independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or each     CR^(7d)R^(8d), CR^(7g)R^(8g) form a carbonyl group; -   each R^(9d), R^(9e), R^(9f), and R^(9g) is fluoro; -   each q1, q2, q3 or q4 is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; -   r is 0 or 1; -   s is 0 or 1; -   each R^(3b) and R^(3c) is selected from the group consisting of     C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently     selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted     with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group     consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted     (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl and the     C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may each be independently     substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from     the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyl, and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with     1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting     of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents; (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃alkyl);     Het¹; Het²; Het³; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from     C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently     selected halo substituents, and hydroxyl; and     [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R^(3d) and R^(4d) are each independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; -   each R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(5c), R^(5d), R^(6a), R^(6b), R^(6c) and     R^(6d) is independently selected from the group consisting of     hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; or each pair R^(5a)R^(6a), R^(5b)R^(6b),     R^(5c)R^(6c), R^(5d)R^(6d) are substituents on the same carbon atom     and each CR^(5a)R^(6a), CR^(5b)R^(6b), CR^(5c)R^(6c), CR^(5d)R^(6d)     together form a (C═O) or a C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene radical; -   each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is selected from H, and C₁₋₃alkyl; -   wherein, in (L-e), -   when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a     substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl, phenyloxy     and phenylamino, each of which may be optionally substituted with 1     or 2 halo substituents; or -   when t is 1 or 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i);     wherein -   R^(13i) is methyl; -   R^(14i) is fluoro; -   u1 is 0 or 1; -   v1 is 0, 1 or 2; -   z1 is selected from the group of 0, 1 and 2; -   k1 is 0 or 1; -   wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; -   wherein in (L-g) -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of     hydrogen, methyl and phenyl when each x is 0 and y is 2; or -   Z is NR¹⁶ when each x is 1 and y is 1; -   wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted     with 1, 2 or 3 halo substituents; -   wherein in (L-h), -   Q is O or N—R¹⁸, wherein R¹⁸ is selected from hydrogen and     C₁₋₃alkyl; -   wherein -   each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from     pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of     which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, halo,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2     or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting     of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; -   each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from     pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group     consisting of halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; -   each Het³ is a heterocyclic radical selected from 1,3-thiazolyl     optionally substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl;     unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; and unsubstituted     1H-indolyl; -   each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro,     and bromo; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   m is selected from 0 and 1; -   R is methyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl;     (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents;     unsubstituted phenyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted     C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more halo substituents;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]-C₁₋₃alkyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het²; and     Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyl; and     C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; -   is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of     (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more halo substituents; unsubstituted     phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently     selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, hydroxyl,     and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 independently     selected halo substituents; phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl     part of the substituent is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently     selected halo substituents; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl     part of the substituent is substituted with 1 or 2 halo     substituents; unsubstituted phenylamino; phenylamino substituted     with 1 or 2 halo substituents; (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)amino; Het¹; Het²;     Het²oxy; Het²methyloxy; and Het³; -   R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen;     trifluoromethyl; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and unsubstituted phenyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (f), (g) or     (h); wherein -   each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) and W^(1f) is independently selected     from CH and N; -   each R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(7g), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(8g)     is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or each     CR^(7d)R^(8d), CR^(7g)R^(8g) form a carbonyl group; -   each R^(9d), R^(9e), R^(9f), and R^(9g) is fluoro; -   each q1, q2, q3 or q4 is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; -   r is 0 or 1; -   s is 0 or 1; -   each R^(3b) and R^(3c) is selected from the group consisting of     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents;     unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo,     C₁₋₃alkyloxy and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo     substituents; unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl     wherein the phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl parts of the substituent may     each be independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; Het²; Het³; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the     group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or     more halo substituents, and hydroxyl; and [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]     C₁₋₃alkyl; -   each R^(3d) and R^(4d) is independently selected from hydrogen and     C₁₋₃alkyl; -   each R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(5c), R^(5d), R^(6a), R^(6b), R^(6c) and     R^(6d) is independently selected from the group consisting of     hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; or CR^(5b)R^(6b) together form a (C═O) or a     C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene radical; -   each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is H; -   wherein, in (L-e), -   when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a     substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl, phenyloxy     and phenylamino, each of which may be optionally substituted with 1     or 2 halo substituents; or -   when t is 1, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein -   R^(14i) is fluoro; -   u1 is 0 or 1; -   v1 is 2; -   z1 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; -   k1 is 0; or -   when t is 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein -   R^(14i) is fluoro; -   u1 is 0 or 1; -   v1 is 0; -   z1 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; -   k1 is 0; -   wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; -   wherein in (L-g) -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is phenyl when each x is 0 and y is 2; or -   Z is NR¹⁶ when each x is 1 and y is 1; -   wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted     with 1, 2 or 3 halo substituents; -   wherein in (L-h), Q is O; -   each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from     pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro,     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, and     unsubstituted phenyl; and -   each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from     pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the     group consisting of halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; -   each Het³ is a heterocyclic radical selected from 1,3-thiazolyl     optionally substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl;     unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; and unsubstituted     1H-indolyl; -   each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro,     and bromo; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   m is selected from 0 and 1; -   R is methyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl;     (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl;     C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents;     unsubstituted phenyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted     C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trifluoromethyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]-C₁₋₃alkyl;     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; pyrrolidinylmethyl; morpholinylmethyl;     piperidinylmethyl substituted with phenyl; piperidinylmethyl     substituted with trifluoromethyl; pyridinyl; and pyridinylmethyl; -   R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyl; and     cyclopropyl; -   is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of     (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl;     phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently     selected from the group consisting of halo, 2-hydroxyprop-2-yl,     trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, and ethoxy; phenyloxy     substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo substituents;     phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is     substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected halo     substituents; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl part is     substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; phenylamino; phenylamino     substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; benzylamino; morpholinyl;     pyrrolidinyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; piperidinyl     substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; pyridinyl; pyridinyl     substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from     halo, methyl and methoxy; pyrimidinyl; pyrimidinyl substituted with     1 or 2 substituents independently selected from halo and methoxy;     pyridinylmethyloxy; and 1H-indol-1-yl; -   R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halo;     trifluoromethyl; C₁₋₃alkyl; methoxy; and phenyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (f), (g) or     (h); wherein -   each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) is independently selected from CH and N; -   W^(1f) is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or     CR^(7d)R^(8d) forms a carbonyl group; -   R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8e) and R^(8f) are hydrogen; -   R^(7g) and R^(8g) are hydrogen; or CR^(7g)R^(8g) forms a carbonyl     group; -   each R^(9d) and R^(9g) is fluoro; -   q1 is selected from 0 or 1; -   each q2 and q3 is 0; -   q4 is selected from 1 and 2; -   r is 0 or 1; -   s is 0 or 1; -   R^(3b) is selected from the group consisting of     3,3,3-trifluoropropyl; phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, or 2     substituents independently selected from the group consisting of     halo, methoxy, ethoxy and trifluoromethyl; benzyl; (phenyl)methyl     wherein the phenyl part of the substituent may be substituted with 1     or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting     of halo, trifluoromethyl and cyclopropylmethyloxy, and the methyl     part of the substituent may be optionally substituted with methyl or     trifluoromethyl; phenylethyl; cyclohexyl substituted with 1 or 2     substituents independently selected from the group consisting of     methyl, trifluoromethyl, and hydroxyl; (2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl;     pyridinyl; pyridinyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents     independently selected from the group consisting of halo; and     methoxy; pyrimidinyl; pyrimidinyl substituted with 1 or 2     substituents independently selected from halo, methyl and methoxy;     1,3-thiazolyl substituted with methyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl;     and unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; -   R^(3c) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a) and R^(6a) are independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen and methyl; -   R^(5b) and R^(6b) are independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen and methyl; or CR^(5b)R^(6b) together forms a     carbonyl or a cyclopropylidene radical; -   R^(5c) and R^(6c) are hydrogen; -   each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is H; -   wherein, in (L-e), -   when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a     substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl; phenyloxy;     and phenylamino substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; or -   when t is 1, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein -   R^(14i) is fluoro; -   u1 is 0, 1 or 2; -   v1 is 2; -   z1 is selected from 1 and 2; -   k1 is 0; or -   when t is 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein -   R^(14i) is fluoro; -   u1 is 0 or 1; -   v1 is 0; -   z1 is selected from 1 and 2; -   k1 is 0; -   wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; -   wherein in (L-g) -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is phenyl when each x is 0 and y is 2; or -   Z is NR¹⁶ when each x is 1 and y is 1; -   wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group     consisting of hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted     with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   wherein in (L-h), Q is O; -   each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro     and bromo; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   m is 0 or 1; -   R is methyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from halo; cyano; C₁₋₃alkyl; and C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; -   is selected from (L-a); (L-b); and (L-g) wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo     substituents; pyridinyl; pyridinyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo     substituents; pyrimidinyl; and pyrimidinyl substituted with 1 or 2     independently selected halo substituents; -   R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; and     trifluoromethyl; -   or CR^(3d)R^(4d) forms a radical of formula (d); wherein -   Wild is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; -   R^(9d) is fluoro; -   q1 is 1; -   R^(3b) is selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted     with 1 or 2 halo substituents; unsubstituted pyridinyl; and     pyridinyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and -   R^(10a) and R^(10b) are hydrogen; -   each x is 0 and y is 1; -   R¹⁵ is hydrogen; -   Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷; wherein -   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from hydrogen;     unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo     substituents; -   halo is fluoro or chloro; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 or 1; -   m is 0 or 1; -   R is methyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl     substituted with one or more independently selected halo     substituents; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with     one or more independently selected halo substituents; -   is selected from (L-a) and (L-b); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo     substituents; pyridinyl; and pyrimidinyl; -   R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halo and C₁₋₃alkyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d); wherein -   W^(1d) is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; -   R^(9d) is fluoro; -   q1 is 1; -   R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and -   R^(10a) and R^(10b) are hydrogen; -   halo is fluoro or chloro; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   m is 0 or 1; -   R is methyl; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of ethyl; propyl; butyl;     CH₂CF₃; CH₂CH₂CF₃; and cyclopropylmethyl; -   R² is selected from chloro, methyl, and CF₃; -   is selected from (L-a1) and (L-b1);

-   wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; 2-fluorophenyl; 4-fluorophenyl; 2-chlorophenyl;     2,6-difluorophenyl; 2-pyridinyl; 2-pyrimidinyl; -   R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; fluoro and methyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d4);

-   R^(3b) is 2,4-difluorophenyl; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein n is selected from 0 and 1;

-   m is 0; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl substituted     with one or more independently selected halo substituents; and     (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from halo and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more     independently selected halo substituents; -   is selected from (L-a) and (L-b); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected     halo substituents; -   R^(4a) is hydrogen, fluoro or methyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d); wherein -   W^(1d) is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; -   R^(9d) is fluoro; -   q1 is 1; -   R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and -   R^(10a) and R^(10b) are hydrogen; -   halo is fluoro or chloro; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   m is 0; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl substituted     with one or more fluoro substituents; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from chloro and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or     more fluoro substituents; -   is selected from (L-a1) and (L-b1);

wherein

-   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; and phenyl substituted with fluoro; -   R^(4a) is hydrogen, fluoro or methyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d4);

-   R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 2 fluoro substituents; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 or 1; -   m is 0; -   R¹ is selected from 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and cyclopropylmethyl; -   2 selected from chloro and trifluoromethyl; -   is selected from (L-a1) and (L-b1);

wherein

-   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; and 4-fluorophenyl; -   R^(4a) is hydrogen, fluoro or methyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d4);

-   R^(3b) is 2,4-difluorophenyl; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I′)

and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of

R¹ is selected from hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het² and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is selected from cyano; halo; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N═CH—NH—  (a), —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂—CH₂—NH—  (c); morpholinyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridinyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 C₁₋₃alkyl groups; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl and hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl; hydroxylC₁₋₃alkyloxy; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyl; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyloxy; cyano; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d′) or (e′) or (f′) or (g′)

wherein W^(1d), W^(1e) and W^(1f) are each selected from CH or N; R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8d), R^(8e) and R^(8f) are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or fluoro; R^(9d), R^(9e) and R^(9f) are each selected from hydrogen and fluoro; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl or CR^(5a)R^(6a) and CR^(5b)R^(6b) together form a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl radical; n is 0 or 1; wherein each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from unsubstituted pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I′) and stereoisomeric forms thereof, wherein

is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of

and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein R¹ is selected from hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het² and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is selected from cyano; halo; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3a) is selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N═CH—NH—  (a), —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂—CH₂—NH—  (c); morpholinyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridinyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 C₁₋₃alkyl groups; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl and hydroxyl; R^(3b) is selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N═CH—NH—  (a), —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂—CH₂—NH—  (c); pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl and hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl; hydroxylC₁₋₃alkyloxy; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyl; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyloxy; cyano; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d′) or (e′) or (f′) or (g′) wherein W^(1d), W^(1e) and W^(1f) are each selected from CH or N; R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8d), R^(8e) and R^(8f) are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or fluoro; R^(9d), R^(9e) and R^(9f) are each selected from hydrogen and fluoro; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl or CR^(5a)R^(6a) and CR^(5b)R^(6b) together form a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl radical; n is 0 or 1; wherein each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from unsubstituted pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a compound according to Formula (I′) or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein

R¹ is selected from C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]-C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyl; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; and Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is cyano; halo or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl-C₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyl and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; morpholinyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridinyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 C₁₋₃alkyl groups; and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl and hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d) or (e) or (f) or (g)

wherein W^(1d), W^(1e) and W^(1f) are each selected from CH and N; R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(9d), R^(9e) and R^(9f) are as previously defined; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; n is 0 or 1; Het¹ is as previously defined; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

In the previous embodiment, R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(9d), R^(9e) and R^(9f) are preferably all hydrogen.

In the previous embodiment, R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together preferably represent a radical of formula (d) or (e), wherein W^(1d), W^(1e), R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(9d) and R^(9e) are as previously defined.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to a compound according to Formula (I) or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein

R¹ is selected from methyl; ethyl; propyl; n-butyl; 2-methylpropyl; tert-butyl; trifluoromethyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 1,1-difluoroethyl; 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl; methoxymethyl; ethoxymethyl; 1-methyl-ethoxymethyl; methoxyethoxymethyl; unsubstituted cyclopropyl; cyclopropyl substituted with trifluoromethyl; unsubstituted cyclobutyl; cyclopropylmethyl; cyclobutylmethyl; phenylmethoxymethyl; pyrrolidinylmethyl; piperidinylmethyl; 4-phenyl-piperidinylmethyl; 4-trifluoromethyl-piperidinylmethyl; morpholinylmethyl; and 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; R² is cyano; chloro or trifluoromethyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro, bromo, 2-hydroxy-2-propyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl and hydroxyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from chloro, trifluoromethyl and cyclopropylmethyloxy; morpholinyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyridinyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 methyl groups; and cyclohexyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from methyl, trifluoromethyl and hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen, fluoro, trifluoromethyl and phenyl; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d-1) or (e-1)

R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and methyl; n is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

In the previous embodiment, R^(5a) and R^(6a), and R^(5b) and R^(6b) are preferably both hydrogen or both methyl.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to a compound according to Formula (I) or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof, wherein

R¹ is selected from methyl; ethyl; propyl; n-butyl; 2-methylpropyl; tert-butyl; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl; 1,1-difluoroethyl; 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl; methoxymethyl; ethoxymethyl; 1-methyl-ethoxymethyl; methoxyethoxymethyl; unsubstituted cyclopropyl; cyclopropyl substituted with trifluoromethyl; unsubstituted cyclobutyl; cyclopropylmethyl; cyclobutylmethyl; phenylmethoxymethyl; 1-pyrrolidinylmethyl; 1-piperidinylmethyl; 4-phenyl-piperidinylmethyl; 4-trifluoromethyl-piperidinylmethyl; and 4-morpholinylmethyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; (2-hydroxy-2-propyl)phenyl; 3-fluoro-6-methoxy-phenyl; 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; 2,4-difluorophenyl; 4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl; 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl; 2-pyridinyl; 3-methyl-2-pyridinyloxy; 4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl; 3-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl; 3-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenylmethyl; 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl; 4-morpholinyl; 2-pyrimidinyl; 3-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl and 3-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen, fluoro, trifluoromethyl and phenyl; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d-1) or (e-1)

R^(5a) and R^(6a) and R^(5b) and R^(6b) are both hydrogen or both methyl; and n and R² are as previously defined; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

In a further embodiment, the invention relates to compounds according to any of the other embodiments, wherein

R¹ is selected from C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; Het² and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; and R² is selected from halo; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; and the rest of the variables are as previously defined; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 or 1; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl; mono-, di- or     tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, and mono-, di- or     tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; -   is selected from (L-a′) and (L-b′); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; pyridinyl;     and pyrimidinyl; -   R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halo and C₁₋₃alkyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d′); wherein -   W^(1d) is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; -   R^(9d) is fluoro; -   R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and -   halo is fluoro or chloro; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In an embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, wherein

-   n is selected from 0 and 1; -   R¹ is selected from the group consisting of mono-, di- or     tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; -   R² is selected from halo and mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; -   is selected from (L-a′) and (L-b′); wherein -   R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted     phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(4a) is hydrogen, fluoro or methyl; -   or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d′); wherein -   W^(1d) is CH; -   R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; -   R^(9d) is fluoro; -   R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; -   R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and halo is fluoro     or chloro; -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof.

In a further embodiment, the invention relates to compounds according to any of the other embodiments wherein R¹ is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, propyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

In a further embodiment, the invention relates to compounds according to any one of the other embodiments wherein R² is chloro, methyl or trifluoromethyl.

In a further embodiment, the L substituent may be selected from one or more of the following:

wherein all variables are as previously defined.

In a further particular embodiment, the L substituent may be selected from one or more of the following:

wherein all variables are as previously defined.

In a further particular embodiment, the L substituent may be selected from (L-a1) and (L-b1).

In a particular embodiment, R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) may be selected from one or more of the following:

In a particular embodiment, R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) is selected from any one of (d-1); (d-2); (d-3); (d-4); (d-5); (d-6); (e-1); (e-2); (e-3); (g-1); (g-2); (g-3); (g-4); (g-5) and (h).

Particular preferred compounds of formula (I) may be selected from the group of:

-   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-ethyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-methyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-cyclobutyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-ethyl-7-[4-(3-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[4-(3-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(methoxymethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-3-ethyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[4-(3-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-cyclopropyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(1,1-difluoroethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(cyclobutylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[cis-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[trans-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(trans-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(cis-4-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   2-[1-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-piperidinyl]-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzenemethanol, -   8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-[4-[[3-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-3-[(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7-[4-[cis-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-7-[4-[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7-[4-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(4-morpholinyl)-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-ethyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-butyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[1-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-fluoro-phenol, -   7-[4-(3-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]-pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7-[4-[trans-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   3-(2-methylpropyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[1,4-benzodioxin-2(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2,3-difluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2,4-difluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(3,6-difluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-(8-chloro-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[3-ethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(5-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-(8-chloro-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[1,4-benzodioxin-2(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[[trans-2-phenylcyclopropyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[benzofuran-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-(8-chloro-3-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-(8-chloro-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-4-fluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-(8-chloro-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-fluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine].1HCl.1.5     H₂O, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-fluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-fluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   4-fluoro-1′-[3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(5-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3,3-dimethyl-1′-[3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-7-[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-phenyl-4,7-diazaspiro[2.5]octane, -   3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3-phenyl-1-azetidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3,3-difluoro-1′-[3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-(8-chloro-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-3,3-difluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-methyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-difluoro-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-methyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidin]-3-one, -   3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3     S)-3-phenoxy-1-pyrrolidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[4-(3-benzofuranyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-pyridinylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-cyclopropyl-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[8-cyclopropyl-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   1′-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[3,2-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine], -   3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-7-[4-[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(2-methyl-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   (rac)-cis-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-ethyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(2-methyl-4-pyridinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3-phenyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(3-phenyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-phenyl-4-piperidinamine, -   1-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidinamine, -   3-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-phenyl-4-piperidinamine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3     S)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3S)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3R)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-piperidinamine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(3R)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclobutylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   (rac)-cis-8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-methyl-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   1-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-azetidinamine, -   1-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-azetidinamine, -   8-chloro-7-[(3S)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[(3R)-4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-methyl-4-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   7-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   8-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane, -   1-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-piperidinamine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-phenyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(4-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, -   8-bromo-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   cis-8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   cis-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[3-methyl-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   7-[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-1-one, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.1.8     HCl, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-phenylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-phenylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.1     HCl, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(2-phenylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[cis-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3,3-difluoro-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-N-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinamine, -   6-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   2-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-6-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4,4-difluoro[1,4′-bipiperidin]-1′-yl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   6-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4,4-difluoro[1,4′-bipiperidin]-1′-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   6-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[1-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[1-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(1H-indol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-spiro[1H-indene-1,4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(1H-indol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-ethoxy-3-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-methoxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   1′-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-spiro[1H-indene-1,4′-piperidine], -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-ethoxy-3-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-ethoxy-3-fluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[[3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-ethoxy-3-fluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-methoxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-7-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.     1.1HCl, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   2-[[8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[4-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[[3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   (1R,6S)-3-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   4-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-1-phenyl-2-piperazinone, -   8-chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-methyl-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine -   3-ethyl-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine -   7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine -   3-butyl-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-butyl-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-butyl-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2-methylpropyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[4-[(1R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-ethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   3-ethyl-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-6-phenyl-3-[[3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-butyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.HCl, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.     HCl, -   7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(ethoxymethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(4-bromophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.HCl, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-(2-methylpropyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-3-propyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-butyl-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)-3-[[3-(ethoxymethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]methyl]-6-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-bromo-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   7-[[4-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-[(2,4-difluorophenoxy)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclobutylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine,     and -   8-chloro-7-[[4-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof. -   In an embodiment, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the     group of: -   8-chloro-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine; -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine; -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine     0.1.1HCl; -   1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.1.8     HCl, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine,     and -   3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, -   and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.

For therapeutic use, salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the counterion is pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of acids and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. All salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not, are included within the ambit of the present invention.

The pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base addition salts as mentioned hereinabove or hereinafter are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and base addition salt forms which the compounds of Formula (I) are able to form. The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can conveniently be obtained by treating the base form with such appropriate acid. Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic (i.e. ethanedioic), malonic, succinic (i.e. butanedioic acid), maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, p-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids. Conversely said salt forms can be converted by treatment with an appropriate base into the free base form.

The compounds of Formula (I) containing an acidic proton may also be converted into their non-toxic metal or amine addition salt forms by treatment with appropriate organic and inorganic bases. Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, the four butylamine isomers, dimethylamine, diethylamine, diethanolamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, quinuclidine, pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline; the benzathine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like. Conversely the salt form can be converted by treatment with acid into the free acid form.

The term solvate comprises the solvent addition forms as well as the salts thereof, which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form. Examples of such solvent addition forms are e.g. hydrates, alcoholates and the like.

In the framework of this application, an element, in particular when mentioned in relation to a compound according to Formula (I), comprises all isotopes and isotopic mixtures of this element, either naturally occurring or synthetically produced, either with natural abundance or in an isotopically enriched form. Radiolabelled compounds of Formula (I) may comprise a radioactive isotope selected from the group of ³H, ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹²²I, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁷Br and ⁸²Br. Preferably, the radioactive isotope is selected from the group of ³H, ¹¹C and ¹⁸F.

Preparation

The compounds according to the invention can generally be prepared by a succession of steps, each of which is known to the skilled person. In particular, the compounds can be prepared according to the following synthesis methods.

The compounds of Formula (I) may be synthesized in the form of racemic mixtures of enantiomers which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures. The racemic compounds of Formula (I) may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali. An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I) involves liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase. Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.

A. Preparation of the Final Compounds Experimental Procedure 1

Final compounds according to Formula (I) can be prepared following art known procedures by cyclization of intermediate compound of Formula (II) in the presence of a halogenating agent such as for example phosphorus (V) oxychloride (POCl₃) or trichloroacetonitrile-triphenylphosphine mixture in a suitable solvent such as for example DCE or CH₃CN stirred under microwave irradiation, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, such as for example 50 min at a temperature between 140-200° C.

Alternatively, final compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by heating the intermediate compound of Formula (II) for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, such as for example 1 h at a temperature between 140-200° C. In reaction scheme (1), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 2

Final compounds according to Formula (I) can be prepared by art known procedures in analogy to the syntheses described in J. Org. Chem., 1966, 31, 251, or J. Heterocycl. Chem., 1970, 7, 1019, by cyclization of intermediate compounds of Formula (III) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable ortho-ester of Formula (IV), wherein R¹ is a suitable substituent like for example a methyl group, according to reaction scheme (2). The reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as, for example, xylene. Typically, the mixture can be stirred for 1 to 48 h at a temperature between 100-200° C. In reaction scheme (2), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Alternatively, final compounds according to Formula (I) can be prepared by art known procedures in analogy to the synthesis described in Tetrahedron Lett., 2007, 48, 2237-2240 by reaction of intermediate compound of Formula (III) with carboxylic acids of Formula (V) or acid equivalents such as acid halides of Formula (VI) to afford final compounds of Formula (I). The reaction can be carried out using a halogenating agent such as for example trichloroacetonitrile-triphenylphosphine mixture in the presence of a suitable solvent such as for example dichloroethane stirred at a temperature between 100-200° C. for 1 to 48 h or under microwave irradiation for 20 min. In reaction scheme (2), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 3

Final compounds according to Formula (I) can be prepared by art known procedures, by cyclization of intermediate compounds of Formula (VII) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable oxidising agent such as copper (II) chloride in a suitable solvent such as DMF, stirred for 1 to 48 h at a temperature between r.t. and 200° C. In reaction scheme (3), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 4

Final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein R¹ is a Het¹-C₁alkyl or a 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl substituent as previously defined, wherein Het¹ is bound through the Nitrogen atom hereby represented as

hereby named (I-a), can be prepared by art known procedures by reaction of intermediate compound of Formula (VIII) under standard Mannich conditions with intermediate compound of Formula (IX). The reaction can be carried out in the presence of formaldehyde with a suitable solvent such as for example acetic acid stirred at a suitable temperature, for example 80° C. for a period of time that allows completion of the reaction, for example 16 h. In reaction scheme (4), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 5

Alternatively, final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein R¹ is a Het¹-C₁alkyl or a 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl substituent as previously defined, wherein Het¹ is bound through the Nitrogen atom, hereby named (I-a) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (IX) with an intermediate of Formula (X) under reductive amination conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (5) wherein all variables are defined as in Formula (I). The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of triacetoxy borohydride in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DCE, at a suitable temperature, typically at r.t., for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction.

Experimental Procedure 6

The final compounds according to Formula (I), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XI) with a compound of Formula (XII) according to reaction scheme (6), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane/DMF, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous NaHCO₃ or Na₂CO₃, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, Pd(PPh₃)₄ under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 150° C. under microwave irradiation, for example for 10 minutes. In reaction scheme (6), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is a group suitable for Pd mediated coupling with boronic acids or boronic esters, such as, for example chloro, bromo or iodo. R¹⁰ and R¹¹ may be hydrogen or alkyl, or may be taken together to form for example a bivalent radical of formula —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₂—.

Experimental Procedure 7

Final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein n is 0, and

is a radical of formula (L-a), (L-b), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h) hereby represented by

hereby named (I-b), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII) with a compound of Formula (XIV) according to reaction scheme (7), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, K₃PO₄, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, 2-(2′-di-tert-butylphosphine)biphenylpalladium(II) acetate, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 80° C. for 12 h. In reaction scheme (7), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo, suitable for Pd-mediated coupling with amines.

Alternatively, compounds according to Formula (I-b) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII) with a compound of Formula (XIV) according to reaction scheme (7), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or acetonitrile, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, Cs₂CO₃ or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min.

Alternatively, compounds according to Formula (I-b) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII) with a compound of Formula (XIV) according to reaction scheme (5), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, toluene, in the presence of a suitable base such as, for example, sodium tert-butoxide, a metal-based catalyst, specifically a palladium catalyst, such as palladium(II) acetate, and a suitable ligand, such as for example 1,1′-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diylbis[1,1-diphenyl-phosphine] (BINAP), heating for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, for example at 100° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube.

Reaction Scheme 7a represents an example for the preparation of a compound of formula (I-b′) wherein

is (L-a) or (L-b), by reaction of intermediate (XIII) with a reagent formula (XIV-a) wherein R^(3a)—C—R^(4a), R^(3b)—N, R^(5a), R^(6a), R^(5b) and R^(6b) are in general represented by R³—X—R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶, and all other variables are as previously defined.

Final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein n is 0, and

is (L-c), hereby named (I-b″), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII) with a reagent of formula (XIV-b) according to reaction scheme (7b), wherein R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as previously defined, and PG represents a suitable protecting group, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl, a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, NaHCO₃, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, Pd(PPh₃)₄ under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at a suitable temperature, for example at 150° C., under thermal conditions or microwave irradiation for a time sufficient to drive the reaction to completion. In reaction scheme (7b), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo, suitable for Pd-mediated coupling. Hydrogenation and further functional group interconversion (F.G.I.) performed under conditions known to a skilled person, afford compound (I-b″).

Experimental Procedure 8

Final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein L is (L-b), hereby represented by (I-b″), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XV) with a compound of Formula (XVI) according to reaction scheme (8), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, K₃PO₄, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, 2-(2′-di-tert-butylphosphine)biphenylpalladium(II) acetate, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 80° C. for 12 h. In reaction scheme (8), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo, suitable for Pd-mediated coupling with amines.

Alternatively, the reaction can be performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or acetonitrile, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, Cs₂CO₃ or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min.

Alternatively, the reaction can also be performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, toluene, in the presence of a suitable base such as, for example, sodium tert-butoxide, a metal-based catalyst, specifically a palladium catalyst, such as palladium(II) acetate, and a suitable ligand, such as for example 1,1′-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diylbis[1,1-diphenyl-phosphine] (BINAP), heating for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, for example at 100° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube.

Experimental Procedure 9

The final compounds according to Formula (I) wherein n=m=1 and L is (L-a), (L-b), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) or (L-h), hereby exemplified in general for (L-a) and (L-b), hereby represented as (I-c), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XVII) with an intermediate of Formula (XIV) under reductive amination conditions that are known by those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (9) wherein all variables are defined as in Formula (I). The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of sodium triacetoxy borohydride in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, 1,2-dichloroethane, at a suitable temperature, for example at temperature between r.t. and 150° C., either classical heating or microwave irradiation, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction.

Experimental Procedure 10

Alternatively, final compounds according to Formula (I-c) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XVIII) with an intermediate of Formula (XIV) under alkylating conditions that are known by those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (10) wherein all variables are defined as in mentioned hereabove and X is a group suitable for alkylation reactions such as for example halo, methylsulfonate or p-tolylsulfonate. The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of a base such as for example diisopropylethylamine in a suitable reaction solvent such as, for example, DMF for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction at suitable temperature such as for example 120° C.

Experimental Procedure 11

The final compounds according to Formula (I), wherein n=m=1 and R² is halogen hereby name (I-d), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIX) with a N-halosuccinimide reagent, such as N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or N-iodosuccinimide, according to reaction scheme (11). This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert and aprotic solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, stirring the reaction mixture at a suitable temperature, typically at room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, usually 1 hour. In reaction scheme (11), all other variables are defined as in Formula (I).

B. Preparation of the Intermediates Experimental Procedure 12

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (II) can be prepared following conditions that are known to those skilled in the art by reacting an intermediate of Formula (III) with a carboxylic acid of Formula (V) via an amide bond formation reaction in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (6) wherein all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Alternatively, intermediate compounds according to Formula (II) can be prepared by art known procedures by reacting an intermediate of Formula (III) with a carboxylic acid of formula (V). The reaction can be carried out using a halogenating agent such as for example a trichloroacetonitrile-triphenylphosphine mixture in the presence of a suitable solvent such as for example dichloroethane stirred at a temperature between 100-200° C. for 1 to 48 h or under microwave irradiation for 20 min. In reaction scheme (12), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Alternatively, intermediate compounds according to Formula (II) can be prepared by art known procedures by reacting an intermediate of Formula (III) with an acid halide of formula (VI). The reaction can be carried out using a inert-solvent such as for example DCM in the presence of a base such as for example TEA, for example at r.t. for a suitable period of time that allows completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (12), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 13

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (VII) can be prepared following conditions that are known to those skilled in the art by reacting an intermediate of Formula (III) with an aldehyde of Formula (XX) via imine bond formation reaction. The reaction can be carried out using a protic solvent such as for example EtOH, for example at temperature between r.t. and 150° C. for a suitable period of time that allows completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (13), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 14

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (III) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXI) with hydrazine according to reaction scheme (14), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol or THF under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min or classical thermal heating at 90° C. for 16 h. In reaction scheme (14), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 15

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXI) wherein n is 0, and L is selected from (L-a), (L-b), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h) hereby named (XXI-a) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXII) with a compound of Formula (XIV) according to reaction scheme (15), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, acetonitrile, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 110° C. for 4 h. In reaction scheme (15), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 16

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXI) wherein n is 1, hereby named (XXI-b) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXIII) with an intermediate of Formula (XIV) under reductive amination conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (16) wherein all variables are defined as in Formula (I). The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of triacetoxy borohydride in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DCE, at a suitable temperature, typically at r.t., for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction.

Experimental Procedure 17

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXIII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXII) under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (17) wherein all variables are defined as mentioned hereabove. The reaction may be performed, for example, by first converting the aryl halide into an aryl metal derivative where the metal may be lithium, magnesium, boron or zinc followed by reaction with the appropriate carbonyl compound. Methods accomplishing these transformations are well known to those skilled in the art and include metal exchange with a Grignard reagent such as isopropylmagnesium chloride or strong base such as for example BuLi in a suitable reaction inert solvent such as THF, diethyl ether or toluene, preferably THF at a temperature between −78° C. and 40° C., followed by reaction with the carbonyl compound such as for example DMF at a temperature between −78° C. and 100° C.

Experimental Procedure 18

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (VIII) can be prepared by art known procedures in analogy to the syntheses described in J. Org. Chem., 1966, 31, 251, or J. Heterocyclic. Chem., 1970, 7, 1019, by cyclization of intermediate compounds of Formula (III) under suitable conditions in the presence of a suitable ortho-ester, for example, an orthoester of formula (IV) above, such as commercially available examples thereof wherein R¹ is H and R is methyl or ethyl, according to reaction scheme (18). The reaction can be carried out neat or in a suitable solvent such as, for example, xylene. Typically, the mixture can be stirred for 1 to 48 h at a temperature between 100-200° C. In reaction scheme (18), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 19

Intermediate compounds of Formula (X) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (VIII) under standard Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions such as, for example, DMF and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (POCl₃) at a temperature from r.t. to 140° C. under classical thermal heating or under microwave irradiation, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, for example 1 h. In reaction scheme (19), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 20

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XI) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (VIII) under standard halogenations standard conditions such as, for example, DMF and N-bromosuccinimide at a temperature from r.t. to 140° C. under classical thermal heating or under microwave irradiation, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, for example 1 h. In reaction scheme (20), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 21

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XIII) can be prepared following art known procedures by cyclization of an intermediate compound of Formula (XXIV) in the presence of a halogenating agent such as for example phosphorus (V) oxychloride (POCl₃) in a suitable solvent such as, for example, dichloroethane, stirred under microwave irradiation, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, as for example 5 min at a temperature between 140-200° C. In reaction scheme (21), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 22

Alternatively, intermediate compounds of Formula (XIII) can be prepared following art known procedures by cyclization of intermediate compound of Formula (XXV) under heating for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, as for example 1 h at a temperature between 140-200° C. In reaction scheme (22), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 23

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXIV) can be prepared by art known procedures by reaction of a hydrazine intermediate of Formula (XXVI) with acid halides of Formula (VI). The reaction can be carried out using an inert-solvent, such as for example DCM, in the presence of a base such as for example triethylamine, for example at r.t. for a suitable period of time that allows completion of the reaction, for example 20 min. In reaction scheme (23), all variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 24

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXV) can be prepared by art known procedures by reaction of intermediate compounds of Formula (XXVII) with acid halides of Formula (VI). The reaction can be carried out using an inert-solvent such as for example DCM in the presence of a base such as for example triethylamine, for example at r.t. for a suitable period of time that allows completion of the reaction, for example 20 min. In reaction scheme (24), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 25

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXVII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXII) with hydrazine according to reaction scheme (25), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol, THF or 1,4-dioxane under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min or classical thermal heating at 70° C. for 16 h. In reaction scheme (25), R² is defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 26

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXVI) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXVIII) with hydrazine according to reaction scheme (26), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, ethanol, THF or 1,4-dioxane under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min or classical thermal heating at 70° C. for 16 h. In reaction scheme (26), R² is defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 27

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXVII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXII) with benzyl alcohol according to reaction scheme (27), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a suitable base, such as for example sodium hydride at r.t. for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction, such as for example 1 h. In reaction scheme (27), R² is defined as in Formula (I) and halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 28

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXII) wherein R² is trifluoromethyl, hereby named (XXII-a), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXII) wherein R² is iodine, hereby named (XXII-b), with a suitable trifluoromethylating agent, such as for example fluorosulfonyl(difluoro)acetic acid methyl ester, according to reaction scheme (28). This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a suitable coupling agent such as for example, copper iodide, under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min. In reaction scheme (28), halo is chloro, bromo or iodo.

Experimental Procedure 29

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXII) wherein R² is iodine, hereby named (XXII-b), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXVIII′) with a strong base such as, for example, n-butyllithium, and further treatment with an iodinating agent such as, for example, iodine. This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, THF at low temperature such as, for example −78° C. for a period of time that allows the completion of the reaction such as, for example 2 h. In reaction scheme (29), halo may be chloro, bromo or iodo

Experimental Procedure 30

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXII) wherein R² is C₁₋₃alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl or (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl, hereby named (XXII-c), can be prepared by an ortho metallation strategy by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXVIII′) with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or an alkenyl halide (XXIX) in the presence of a suitable base, such as lithium diisopropylamide or butyllithium, according to reaction scheme (30) and following references: a) Tetrahedron 2001, 57(19), 4059-4090 or b) Tetrahedron 2001, 57(21), 4489-4505. This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, THF at low temperature such as, for example −78° C. for a period of time that allows the completion of the reaction such as, for example 2-5 h. In reaction scheme (30), halo may be chloro, bromo or iodo and E represents an appropriate C₁₋₃alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl or (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl radical. If required, intermediates (XXII-c) may be subjected to further simple functional group interconversion steps following art-known procedures to lead to the desirable final R² group.

Experimental Procedure 31

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXII) wherein R² is haloC₁₋₃alkoxy, hereby named (XXII-d), can be prepared for example by reacting an intermediate of formula (XXX) with a suitable alkyl or alkenyl halide (XXXI) in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate. This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DMF under thermal conditions such as for example, heating the reaction mixture for example at 50-100° C. for a period of time that allows the completion of the reaction such as for example, 2 h. In reaction scheme (31), halo may be chloro, bromo or iodo and E′ represents an appropriate C₁₋₃alkyl or C₂₋₃alkenyl radical, which may be further halogenated following procedures known to those skilled in the art.

Experimental Procedure 32

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XVII) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXXII) under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art and can be realized for example with oxone, osmium tetroxide. The process may be carried out optionally in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, water and generally at temperatures between about −100° C. and about 100° C. A summary of such methods is found in “Comprehensive Organic Transformations”, VCH Publishers, (1989), R. C. Larock, pp. 595-596. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (32) wherein all variables are defined as mentioned hereabove.

Experimental Procedure 33

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXII) can be prepared by coupling reactions of an intermediate of Formula (XIII) with a compound of Formula (XXXIII) under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (33) wherein all variables are defined as mentioned hereabove, wherein M is trialkyltin, boronic acid or boronate ester, and a palladium catalyst. The process may be carried out optionally in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, water and generally at temperatures between about r.t and about 200° C. in the presence of a base.

Experimental Procedure 34

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XVIII) can be prepared from conversion of the hydroxyl group present in intermediate compound of Formula (XXXIV) into a suitable leaving group such as for example halogen or mesylate conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. The reaction may be performed, for example, by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XXXIV) with methyl sulfonic acid chloride in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine or halogenating reagents such as for example P(O)Br₃ in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DCM or DMF or mixtures of both, at a suitable temperature, typically at room temperature, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction.

Experimental Procedure 35

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXIV) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XVII) under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (35) wherein all variables are defined as mentioned hereabove. The reaction may be performed, for example, by reacting intermediate of Formula (XVII) with a reductive reagent such as for example sodium borohydride in a suitable solvent such as for example methanol. The reaction may be performed at a suitable temperature, typically room temperature, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. This is illustrated in reaction scheme (35) wherein all variables are defined as mentioned hereabove

Experimental Procedure 36

Intermediate compounds of formula (XIX) as described in reaction scheme (11) can also be considered final compounds according to formula (I). The final compounds according to Formula (I-d), wherein n=m=1 and R² is halo, can be converted to compounds of formula (XIX) under hydrogenation conditions or hydrogen-metal exchange, according to reaction scheme (36). This reaction is performed in a suitable reaction-inert and aprotic solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, stirring the reaction mixture at a suitable temperature, typically at room temperature, for the required time to achieve completion of the reaction, usually 1 hour. In reaction scheme (36), all other variables are defined as in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 37

The intermediate compounds according to Formula (XIII), wherein R2 is an alkyl, hereby named (XIII-b) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound of Formula (XIII) wherein R2 is an halo, hereby named (XIII-a) with a compound of Formula (XII) according to reaction scheme (37), a reaction that is performed in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane or mixtures of inert solvents such as, for example, 1,4-dioxane/DMF, in the presence of a suitable base, such as, for example, aqueous NaHCO₃ or Na₂CO₃, a Pd-complex catalyst such as, for example, Pd(PPh₃)₄ under thermal conditions such as, for example, heating the reaction mixture at 150° C. under microwave irradiation, for example for 10 minutes. In reaction scheme (6), all variables are defined as in Formula (I) and halo is a group suitable for Pd mediated coupling with boronic acids or boronic esters, such as, for example chloro, bromo or iodo. R¹⁰ and R¹¹ may be hydrogen or alkyl, or may be taken together to form for example a bivalent radical of formula —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, or —C(CH₃)₂C(CH₃)₂—.

Experimental Procedure 37

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XIV) can be prepared by deprotection of the nitrogen atom in an intermediate compound of formula (XXXV), wherein PG represents a suitable protecting group for the nitrogen atom, such as for example tert-butoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyl and methyl, according to reaction scheme (37) applying art known procedures. For example, when PG represents benzyl, then the deprotection reaction may be performed in a suitable reaction inert solvent, such as for example an alcohol, i.e. methanol, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as for example palladium on charcoal, at a moderately high temperature such as, for example, 100° C. in a sealed vessel. Alternatively, when PG represents an alkyloxycarbonyl group, the deprotection reaction can be performed by reaction with a suitable acid, such as for example hydrochloric acid, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent, such as for example 1,4-dioxane at a moderately high temperature, such as for example reflux temperature. In reaction scheme (37), all variables are defined as in formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 38

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XIV) wherein R⁴ is CF₃, X is C and R⁵ and R⁶ are H, hereby named (XIV-a), can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXXVI) according to reaction scheme (38), under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 2006, 14, 2620-2626] by reduction of the phthalimide function with a reductive agent such as for example borane-THF in a suitable solvent such as, for example, THF, at a suitable temperature, typically at reflux, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (38) R³ is as defined in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 39

Intermediate compounds of Formula (XXXVI) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XXXVII) according to reaction scheme (39), under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [Journal of Antibiotics 1995, 48(10), 1179-81] by cyclization of the corresponding carboxylic acid (XXXVII) by reaction with acetic anhydride and urea at reflux for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (39), R³ is as defined in Formula (I)

Experimental Procedure 40

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXVII) can be prepared by hydrolysis of an intermediate of formula (XXXVIII) according to reaction scheme (39), under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [Journal of American Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3915-3923]. The hydrolysis of intermediate of Formula (XXXVIII) may be performed in alkaline solution such as for example sodium hydroxide followed by a brief period of reflux in acid solution such as for example sulfuric acid. Both reactions are heated typically at reflux, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (40), R³ is as defined in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 41

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXVIII) can be prepared by reaction of an intermediate of formula (XXXIX) according to reaction scheme (41), under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3915-3923], by hydrolysis of an intermediate of Formula (XXXVIII) in the presence of suitable acids such as a mixture of sulfuric acid, acetic acid and water at a suitable temperature, typically at reflux, for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (41), R³ is as defined in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 41a

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXVIII) can be prepared from intermediate compound (XXXIX) according to reaction scheme (41a), by reacting intermediate of Formula (XXXIX) with cyanoacetamide (XL) under conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3915-3923]. The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of a suitable base such as for example sodium ethoxyde, in a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, EtOH, at a suitable temperature, typically r.t., for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (41a), R³ is as defined in Formula (I).

Experimental Procedure 42

Intermediate compounds according to Formula (XXXIX) can be prepared by reacting an intermediate of Formula (XLI) with cyanoacetate (XLII) according to reaction scheme (42), under Knoevenagel condensation conditions that are known to those skilled in the art [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 3915-3923]. The reaction may be performed, for example, in the presence of titanium tetrachloride, a suitable base such as for example pyridine and a suitable reaction-inert solvent such as, for example, DCM, at a suitable temperature, typically at r.t., for a suitable period of time that allows the completion of the reaction. In reaction scheme (42), R³ is as defined in Formula (I).

The starting materials according to Formulae (IV), (V), (VI), (IX), (XII), (XIV), (XVI), (XXII), (XXVIII), XXIX), (XXX), (XXXI), (XXXIII), (XL), (XLI), (XXXIII), XL, (XLI) or (XLII) are compounds that are either commercially available or may be prepared according to conventional reaction procedures generally known to those skilled in the art.

In order to obtain the HCl salts forms of the compounds, several procedures known to those skilled in the art can be used. In a typical procedure, for example, the free base can be dissolved in DIPE or Et₂O and subsequently, a 6N HCl solution in 2-propanol or a 1 N HCl solution in Et₂O can be added dropwise. The mixture typically is stirred for 10 min after which the product can be filtered off. The HCl salt is usually dried in vacuo.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the processes described above the functional groups of intermediate compounds may need to be blocked by protecting groups. In case the functional groups of intermediate compounds were blocked by protecting groups, they can be deprotected after a reaction step.

Pharmacology

The compounds provided in this invention are positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptors, in particular they are positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2. The compounds of the present invention do not appear to bind to the glutamate recognition site, the orthosteric ligand site, but instead to an allosteric site within the seven transmembrane region of the receptor. In the presence of glutamate or an agonist of mGluR2, the compounds of this invention increase the mGluR2 response. The compounds provided in this invention are expected to have their effect at mGluR2 by virtue of their ability to increase the response of such receptors to glutamate or mGluR2 agonists, enhancing the response of the receptor.

As used herein, the term “treatment” is intended to refer to all processes, wherein there may be a slowing, interrupting, arresting or stopping of the progression of a disease, but does not necessarily indicate a total elimination of all symptoms.

Hence, the present invention relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for use as a medicament.

The invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament.

The invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for use in the treatment or prevention of, in particular treatment of, a condition in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention of which is affected or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of allosteric modulators of mGluR2, in particular positive allosteric modulators thereof.

The present invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of, in particular treatment of, a condition in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention of which is affected or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of allosteric modulators of mGluR2, in particular positive allosteric modulators thereof.

The present invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for use in the treatment, prevention, amelioration, control or reduction of the risk of various neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention of which is affected or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2.

The present invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for use in the treatment, prevention, amelioration, control or reduction of the risk of various neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention or which is altered or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2.

Also, the present invention relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, ameliorating, controlling or reducing the risk of various neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention of which is affected or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2.

In particular, the neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction, include one or more of the following conditions or diseases: acute neurological and psychiatric disorders such as, for example, cerebral deficits subsequent to cardiac bypass surgery and grafting, stroke, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord trauma, head trauma, perinatal hypoxia, cardiac arrest, hypoglycemic neuronal damage, dementia (including AIDS-induced dementia), Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's Chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ocular damage, retinopathy, cognitive disorders, idiopathic and drug-induced Parkinson's disease, muscular spasms and disorders associated with muscular spasticity including tremors, epilepsy, convulsions, migraine (including migraine headache), urinary incontinence, substance dependence/abuse, substance withdrawal (including substances such as, for example, opiates, nicotine, tobacco products, alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, sedatives, hypnotics, etc.), psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety (including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder), mood disorders (including depression, major depressive disorder, treatment resistant depression, mania, bipolar disorders, such as bipolar mania), posttraumatic stress disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, hearing loss, tinnitus, macular degeneration of the eye, emesis, brain edema, pain (including acute and chronic states, severe pain, intractable pain, neuropathic pain, and post-traumatic pain), tardive dyskinesia, sleep disorders (including narcolepsy), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder.

In particular, the condition or disease is a central nervous system disorder selected from the group of anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, mood disorders, migraine, epilepsy or convulsive disorders, childhood disorders, cognitive disorders, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity and ischemia.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is an anxiety disorder, selected from the group of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), mixed anxiety and depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social phobia and other phobias.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is a psychotic disorder selected from the group of schizophrenia, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is a personality disorder selected from the group of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and schizoid, schizotypal disorder.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is a substance abuse or substance-related disorder selected from the group of alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, amphetamine dependence, amphetamine withdrawal, cocaine dependence, cocaine withdrawal, nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal, opioid dependence and opioid withdrawal.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is an eating disorder selected from the group of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is a mood disorder selected from the group of bipolar disorders (I & II), cyclothymic disorder, depression, dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, treatment resistant depression, bipolar depression, and substance-induced mood disorder.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is migraine.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is epilepsy or a convulsive disorder selected from the group of generalized nonconvulsive epilepsy, generalized convulsive epilepsy, petit mal status epilepticus, grand mal status epilepticus, partial epilepsy with or without impairment of consciousness, infantile spasms, epilepsy partialis continua, and other forms of epilepsy.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Preferably, the central nervous system disorder is a cognitive disorder selected from the group of delirium, substance-induced persisting delirium, dementia, dementia due to HIV disease, dementia due to Huntington's disease, dementia due to Parkinson's disease, dementia of the Alzheimer's type, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, substance-induced persisting dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Of the disorders mentioned above, the treatment of psychosis, such as schizophrenia, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, major depressive disorder, treatment resistant depression, bipolar depression, anxiety, depression, generalised anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar mania, substance abuse and mixed anxiety and depression, are or particular importance.

Of the disorders mentioned above, the treatment of anxiety, schizophrenia, migraine, depression, and epilepsy are of particular importance.

At present, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association provides a diagnostic tool for the identification of the disorders described herein. The person skilled in the art will recognize that alternative nomenclatures, nosologies, and classification systems for neurological and psychiatric disorders described herein exist, and that these evolve with medical and scientific progresses.

Therefore, the invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for use in the treatment of any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore.

The invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for use in treating any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore.

The invention also relates to a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for the treatment or prevention, in particular treatment, of any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore.

The invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of any one of the disease conditions mentioned hereinbefore.

The invention also relates to the use of a compound according to the general Formula (I), the stereoisomeric forms thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts and the solvates thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of any one of the disease conditions mentioned hereinbefore.

The compounds of the present invention can be administered to mammals, preferably humans, for the treatment or prevention of any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore.

In view of the utility of the compounds of Formula (I), there is provided a method of treating warm-blooded animals, including humans, suffering from any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore, and a method of preventing in warm-blooded animals, including humans, any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore.

Said methods comprise the administration, i.e. the systemic or topical administration, preferably oral administration, of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), a stereoisomeric form thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt or solvate thereof, to warm-blooded animals, including humans.

Therefore, the invention also relates to a method for the prevention and/or treatment of any one of the diseases mentioned hereinbefore comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of compound according to the invention to a patient in need thereof.

One skilled in the art will recognize that a therapeutically effective amount of the PAMs of the present invention is the amount sufficient to modulate the activity of the mGluR2 and that this amount varies inter alia, depending on the type of disease, the concentration of the compound in the therapeutic formulation, and the condition of the patient. Generally, an amount of PAM to be administered as a therapeutic agent for treating diseases in which modulation of the mGluR2 is beneficial, such as the disorders described herein, will be determined on a case by case by an attending physician.

Generally, a suitable dose is one that results in a concentration of the PAM at the treatment site in the range of 0.5 nM to 200 μM, and more usually 5 nM to 50 μM. To obtain these treatment concentrations, a patient in need of treatment likely will be administered an effective therapeutic daily amount of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg body weight, preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 10 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 2.5 mg/kg body weight, even more preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 1 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 0.5 mg/kg body weight. The amount of a compound according to the present invention, also referred to here as the active ingredient, which is required to achieve a therapeutically effect will, of course vary on case-by-case basis, vary with the particular compound, the route of administration, the age and condition of the recipient, and the particular disorder or disease being treated. A method of treatment may also include administering the active ingredient on a regimen of between one and four intakes per day. In these methods of treatment the compounds according to the invention are preferably formulated prior to admission. As described herein below, suitable pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by known procedures using well known and readily available ingredients.

Because such positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2, including compounds of Formula (I), enhance the response of mGluR2 to glutamate, it is an advantage that the present methods utilize endogenous glutamate.

Because positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2, including compounds of Formula (I), enhance the response of mGluR2 to agonists, it is understood that the present invention extends to the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction by administering an effective amount of a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR2, including compounds of Formula (I), in combination with an mGluR2 agonist. Examples of mGluR2 agonists include, for example, LY-379268; DCG-IV; LY-354740; LY-404039; LY-544344; LY-2140023; LY-181837; LY-389795; LY-446433; LY-450477; talaglumetad; MGS0028; MGS0039; (−)-2-oxa-4-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylate; (+)-4-amino-2-sulfonylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid; (+)-2-amino-4-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-4-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,4S,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-4-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,3R,5S,6S-2-amino-3-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,3S,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-3-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; (+)-4-amino-2-sulfonylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid; (+)-2-amino-4-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-4-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1S,2R,4S,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-4-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; 1 S,2R,3R,5S,6S-2-amino-3-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; or 1S,2R,3S,5S,6S-2-amino-6-fluoro-3-hydroxybicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. More preferable mGluR2 agonists include LY-379268; DCG-IV; LY-354740; LY-404039; LY-544344; or LY-2140023.

The compounds of the present invention may be utilized in combination with one or more other drugs in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) or the other drugs may have utility, where the combination of the drugs together are safer or more effective than either drug alone.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The present invention also provides compositions for preventing or treating diseases in which modulation of the mGluR2 receptor is beneficial, such as the disorders described herein. While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical composition. Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and, as active ingredient, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention, in particular a compound according to Formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof. The carrier or diluent must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not deleterious to the recipients thereof.

The compounds according to the invention, in particular the compounds according to Formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the solvates and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, or any subgroup or combination thereof may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes. As appropriate compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs.

The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy, for example, using methods such as those described in Gennaro et al. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (18^(th) ed., Mack Publishing Company, 1990, see especially Part 8: Pharmaceutical preparations and their Manufacture). To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, a therapeutically effective amount of the particular compound, optionally in salt form, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which carrier or diluent may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirable in unitary dosage form suitable, in particular, for oral, topical, rectal or percutaneous administration, by parenteral injection or by inhalation. For example, in preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as, for example, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions and solutions; or solid carriers such as, for example, starches, sugars, kaolin, diluents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules and tablets. Because of the ease in administration, oral administration is preferred, and tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. For parenteral compositions, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, surfactants, to aid solubility, may be included. Injectable solutions, for example, may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations. In the compositions suitable for percutaneous administration, the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not introduce a significant deleterious effect on the skin. Said additives may facilitate the administration to the skin and/or may be helpful for preparing the desired compositions. These compositions may be administered in various ways, e.g., as a transdermal patch, as a spot-on, as an ointment.

It is especially advantageous to formulate the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Unit dosage form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Examples of such unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, powder packets, wafers, suppositories, injectable solutions or suspensions and the like, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls, and segregated multiples thereof.

Since the compounds according to the invention are orally administrable compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising aid compounds for oral administration are especially advantageous.

In order to enhance the solubility and/or the stability of the compounds of Formula (I) in pharmaceutical compositions, it can be advantageous to employ α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrins or their derivatives, in particular hydroxyalkyl substituted cyclodextrins, e.g. 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin or sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrin. Also co-solvents such as alcohols may improve the solubility and/or the stability of the compounds according to the invention in pharmaceutical compositions.

The exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention.

Depending on the mode of administration, the pharmaceutical composition will comprise from 0.05 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight of the active ingredient, and, from 1 to 99.95% by weight, preferably from 30 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably from 50 to 99.9% by weight of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, all percentages being based on the total weight of the composition.

As already mentioned, the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds according to the invention and one or more other drugs for use as a medicament or for use in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration, or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) or the other drugs may have utility. The use of such a composition for the manufacture of a medicament as well as the use of such a composition for the manufacture of a medicament in the treatment, prevention, control, amelioration or reduction of risk of diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula (I) or the other drugs may have utility are also contemplated. The present invention also relates to a combination of a compound according to the present invention and an mGluR2 orthosteric agonist. The present invention also relates to such a combination for use as a medicine. The present invention also relates to a product comprising (a) a compound according to the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, and (b) a mGluR2 orthosteric agonist, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of a condition in a mammal, including a human, the treatment or prevention of which is affected or facilitated by the neuromodulatory effect of mGluR2 allosteric modulators, in particular positive mGluR2 allosteric modulators. The different drugs of such a combination or product may be combined in a single preparation together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents, or they may each be present in a separate preparation together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents.

The following examples are intended to illustrate but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

Chemistry

Several methods for preparing the compounds of this invention are illustrated in the following Examples. Unless otherwise noted, all starting materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification.

Hereinafter, “CI” means chemical ionisation; “DAD” means diode-array detector; “THF” means tetrahydrofuran; “DIPE” means diisopropylether; “DMF” means N,N-dimethylformamide; “EtOAc” means ethyl acetate; “DCM” means dichloromethane; “DCE” means dichloroethane; “BINAP” means 1,1′-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diylbis[1,1-diphenyl-phosphine]; “DBU” means 1,8-diaza-7-bicyclo[5.4.0]undecene; “DIPEA” means N,N-diisopropylethylamine; “1” or “L” means liter; “LRMS” means low-resolution mass spectrometry/spectra; “HRMS” means high-resolution mass spectra/spectrometry; “NH₄Ac” means ammonium acetate; “NH₄OH” means ammonium hydroxide; “NaHCO₃” means sodium hydrogencarbonate; “Et₂O” means diethyl ether; “MgSO₄” means magnesium sulphate; “EtOH” means ethanol; “ES” means electrospray; “Na₂SO₄” means sodium sulphate; “CH₃CN” means acetonitrile; “NaH” means sodium hydride; “MeOH” means methanol; “NH₃” means ammonia; “Na₂S₂O₃” means sodium thiosulphate; “AcOH” means acetic acid; “Et₃N” or “TEA” mean triethylamine; “NH₄Cl” means ammonium chloride; “K₂CO₃” means potassium carbonate; “Pd(PPh₃)₄” means tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0); “eq” means equivalent; “S-Phos” means dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; “X-Phos” means dicyclohexyl[2′,4′,6′-tris(1-methylethyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl]phosphine; “r.t.” means room temperature; “mp” means melting point; “min” means minutes; “h” means hours; “s” means second(s); “TEA” means triethylamine; “TOF” means time of flight; “SFC” means supercritical fluid chromatography. Sep-Pak® Silica is a cartridge with unbonded, highly-activated silica stationary phase; Amberlyst® 15 is a acidic cation exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups; H-Cube® is a continuous flow microfluidic hydrogenation reactor.

Microwave assisted reactions were performed in a single-mode reactor: Initiator™ Sixty EXP microwave reactor (Biotage AB), or in a multimode reactor: MicroSYNTH Labstation (Milestone, Inc.).

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates (Merck) using reagent grade solvents. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica gel, particle size 60 Å, mesh=230-400 (Merck) using standard techniques. Automated flash column chromatography was performed using ready-to-connect cartridges from Merck, on irregular silica gel, particle size 15-40 μm (normal phase disposable flash columns) on a SPOT or FLASH system from Armen Instrument.

Description 1 2,4-Dibromo-nicotinonitrile (D1)

To a solution of commercially available 4-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarbonitrile (95.47 g, 333 mmol) [C.A.S. 21642-98-8] in CH₃CN (670 ml), was added phosphorus(V) oxybromide (250 g, 166 mmol) portionwise. The resulting suspension was heated at 60° C. for 16 h. After cooling to r.t., the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution), dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was triturated with diisopropyl ether to yield intermediate compound D1 (34.5 g, 79%) as a white solid.

GCMS (EI): MW (theor): 262; [M-2H⁺]: 260; RT (min): 9.67.

Description 2 4-Benzyloxy-2-bromo-nicotinonitrile (D2)

To a suspension of NaH (1.756 g, 45.818 mmol, mineral oil 60%) in DMF (200 ml) cooled at 0° C., was added benzyl alcohol (4.542 g, 42 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min. Then compound D1 (10 g, 38.18 mmol) was quickly added. The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution), diluted with H₂O and the resulting mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 1% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D2 (9.2 g, 83%).

Description 3 4-Benzyloxy-2-hydrazino-nicotinonitrile (D3)

To a solution of compound D2 (1.2 g, 4.15 mmol) in THF (12 ml) was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.416 g, 8.301 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 1 min. After cooling, additional hydrazine monohydrate (1 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 0.5 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate compound D3 (0.95 g, 95%).

Description 4 N′-[3-cyano-4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl]-2-cyclopropylacetohydrazide (D4)

To a solution of D3 (4.099 g, 17.06 mmol) in dry DCM (112 ml) was added Et₃N (2.76 g, 27.294 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride (3.438 g, 29 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield compound D4 (5 g, 91%).

Description 5 7-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (D5)

A solution of D4 (1.4 g, 4.343 mmol) and phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.810 ml, 8.686 mmol) in DCE (15 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D5 (0.650 g, 64%).

Description 6 2-Bromo-3-cyano-4-(4-phenylpiperidinyl)pyridine (D6)

To a suspension of NaH (0.146 g, 3.818 mmol, 60%) in DMF (20 ml) cooled at 0° C. was added 4-phenylpiperidine (0.616 g, 3.818 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min., then compound D1 (1 g, 3.016 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH gradient as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D6 (0.985 g, 75%).

Description 7 [3-Cyano-4-(4-phenylpiperidinyl)pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine (D7)

To a solution of compound D6 (0.5 mg, 1.461 mmol) in THF (4 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.366 g, 7.305 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 15 min. After cooling, the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D7 (0.380 g, 89%) as a white solid.

Description 8 8-Cyano-7-(4-phenylpiperidinyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D8)

D7 (1 g, 3.409 mmol) and triethylorthoformate (7.577 g, 51.13 mmol) in xylene (25 ml) were heated in a sealed tube at 180° C. for 1 h. After cooling, the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield compound D8 (0.932 g, 90%).

Description 9 8-Cyano-3-formyl-7-(4 phenylpiperidinyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D9)

D8 (0.25 g, 0.824 mmol) and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.116 ml, 1.236 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 80° C. for 4 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D9 (0.070 g, 26%).

Description 10 2,3-Dichloro-4-iodo-pyridine (D10)

To a solution of n-butyllithium (27.6 ml, 69 mmol, 2.5 M in hexanes) in dry Et₂O (150 ml) cooled at −78° C., under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (11.64 ml, 69 mmol), dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 10 min., and then a solution of 2,3-dichloropyridine (10 g, 67.57 mmol) in dry THF (75 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min. and then a solution of iodine (25.38 g, 100 mmol) in dry THF (75 ml) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to r.t. overnight, quenched with Na₂S₂O₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was precipitated with heptane, filtered off and dried to yield intermediate compound D10 (8.21 g, 44%) as a pale cream solid.

Description 11 (3-Chloro-4-iodo-pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine (D11)

To a solution of compound D10 (8 g, 29.21 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (450 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (14.169 ml, 175.255 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 70° C. for 16 h. After cooling, NH₄OH (32% aqueous solution) was added and the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The white solid residue thus obtained was taken up in EtOH. The suspension thus obtained was heated and then filtered off and the filtered solution cooled to r.t. The precipitate formed was filtered off and then the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D11 (2.67 g, 52%) as a white solid.

Description 12 N′-(3-chloro-4-iodo-pyridin-2-yl)-2-cyclopropylacetohydrazide (D12)

To a solution of D11 (0.73 g, 2.709 mmol) in dry DCM (8 ml), cooled at 0° C., was added Et₃N (0.562 ml, 4.064 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride (0.385 g, 3.251 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h and then NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added. The resulting solution was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D12 (0.94 g, 99%).

Description 13 8-Chloro-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-iodo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D13)

D12 (0.74 g, 2.389 mmol) was heated at 160° C. for 40 min. After cooling, the brown gum thus obtained was triturated with DIPE yielding intermediate compound D13 (0.74 g, 93%).

Description 14 2,3-Dichloro-4-(4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)pyridine (D14)

A mixture of D10 (4 g, 14.605 mmol), 4-phenylpiperidine (3.532 g, 21.907 mmol) and DIPEA (5.088 ml, 29.209 mmol) in CH₃CN (150 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 16 h. The mixture was then treated with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH/EtOAc gradient as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D14 (2.32 g, 52%) as a white solid.

Description 15 3-chloro-2-hydrazino-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridine (D15)

To a suspension of compound D14 (0.25 g, 0.814 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.789 ml, 16.275 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min. Then, after cooling, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue obtained was taken up in DCM. The resulting solution was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D15 (0.244 g, 99%).

Description 16 N′-[3-chloro-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-3-methylbutanohydrazide (D16)

To a solution of D15 (0.6 g, 1.981 mmol) in dry DCE (10 ml) was added Et₃N (0.442 ml, 3.17 mmol) and isovaleryl chloride [C.A.S. 108-12-3] (0.311 ml, 2.576 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield compound D16 (0.7 g, 91%).

Description 17 N′-[3-chloro-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridine-2-yl]-2-ethoxyacetohydrazide (D17)

To a solution of D15 (0.497 g, 1.643 mmol) in dry DCM (10 ml) were added Et₃N (0.366 ml, 2.629 mmol) and ethoxyacetyl chloride [C.A.S. 14077-58-8] (0.282 g, 2.3 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D17 (0.580 g, 91%).

Description 18 2,3-Dichloro-4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridine (D18)

A mixture of D10 (2 g, 7.302 mmol), 4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride (2.048 g, 9.493 mmol) [C.A.S. 1056382-25-2] and DIPEA (5.055 ml, 29.209 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 16 h. The mixture was then treated with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; Heptane/DCM from 4:1 up to 1:4 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D18 (0.88 g, 37%) as a white solid.

Description 19 3-Chloro-4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpperidin-1-yl)-2-hydrazinopiridine (D19)

To a suspension of compound D18 (0.966 g, 2.97 mmol) in EtOH (6 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (2.882 ml, 59.407 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated under microwave irradiation at 160° C. for 20 min. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue thus obtained was taken up in DCM. The resulting solution was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate compound D19 (0.8 g, 84%) as a white solid.

Description 20 N′-[3-chloro-4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-3,3,3-trifluoropropanohydrazide (D20)

To a solution of D19 (2.040 g, 6.359 mmol) in dry DCM (30 ml) cooled at 0° C., were added Et₃N (1.418 ml, 10.175 mmol) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl chloride [C.A.S. 41463-83-6] (1.035 ml, 8.267 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added and the resulting solution was then extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D20 (2.72 g, 99%).

Description 21 1′-(2,3-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidine] (D21)

A mixture of D10 (1 g, 3.655 mmol), spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], hydrochloride [CAS 37663-44-8] (0.83 g, 4.386 mmol) and DIPEA (1.273 ml, 7.309 mmol) in CH₃CN (9 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 16 h. The mixture was then treated with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D21 (0.199 g, 16%) as a white solid. M.P. 160.8° C.

Description 22 1′-(3-chloro-2-hydrazinopyridin-4-yl)-3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidine] (D22)

To a suspension of compound D21 (0.199 g, 0.594 mmol) in EtOH (4 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.588 ml, 11.872 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. Then, additional hydrazine monohydrate (20 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then subjected to microwave irradiation at 170° C. for 30 min. Upon cooling, a precipitate developed, which was filtered off and NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added to the filtrate. The resulting solution was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D22 (0.177 g, 90%).

Description 23 N′-[3-chloro-4-(1′H,3H-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetohydrazide (D23)

To a solution of D22 (0.177 g, 0.535 mmol) in dry DCM (3 ml) cooled at 0° C. was added Et₃N (0.112 g, 0.803 mmol) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl chloride [C.A.S. 41463-83-6] (0.087 ml, 0.696 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate compound D23 (0.369 g) as a crude material, which was used without further purification.

Description 24 2,4-Dichloro-3-iodo-pyridine (D24)

To a solution of 2,4-dichloropyridine (5.2 g, 35.137 mmol) and diisopropylamine (3.911 g, 38.651 mmol) in dry THF (40 ml) cooled at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added n-butyllithium (24.157 ml, 38.651 mmol, 1.6 M in hexanes) dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 45 min. and then a solution of iodine (9.81 g, 38.651 mmol) in dry THF (20 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h., allowed to warm to r.t., diluted with EtOAc and quenched with NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) and Na₂S₂O₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; Heptane/DCM up to 20% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D24 (7.8 g, 81%).

Description 25 2,4-Dichloro-3-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (D25)

To a mixture of compound D24 (2 g, 7.302 mmol) in DMF (50 ml) were added fluorosulfonyl-difluoro-acetic acid methyl ester [C.A.S. 680-15-9] (1.858 ml, 14.605 mmol) and copper (I) iodine (2.796 g, 14.605 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 5 h. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D25 (1.5 g, 95%).

Description 26 4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (D26)

To a suspension of NaH (0.487 g, 12.732 mmol, 60% mineral oil) in DMF (50 ml) cooled at 0° C., was added benzyl alcohol (1.262 ml, 12.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 min., then, intermediate compound D25 (2.5 g, 11.575 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; Heptane/DCM gradient as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D26 (1.1 g, 33%).

Description 27 4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydrazino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (D27)

To a suspension of compound D26 (1.09 g g, 3.789 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (9 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (3.676 ml, 75.78 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min. After cooling, the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was dissolved in DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D27 (0.890 g, 83%) as a white solid.

Description 28 N′-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-cyclopropylacetohydrazide (D28)

To a solution of D27 (0.890 g, 3.142 mmol) in dry DCM (3 ml) was added Et₃N (0.653 ml, 4.713 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride [C.A.S. 543222-65-5] (0.373 g, 3.142 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. The resulting mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D28 (1.1 g, 96%).

Description 29 7-Chloro-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D29)

D28 (1.14 g, 1.872 mmol) and phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.349 g, 3.744 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 ml) were heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, the resulting reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 20% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D29 (0.261 g, 51%) as a white solid.

Description 30 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-Fluoro-4-phenylpiperidinyl)-pyridine (D30)

D25 (0.4 g, 1.852 mmol), 4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride [C.A.S. 1056382-25-2] (0.399 g, 1.852 mmol) and N,N-DIPEA (0.645 ml, 3.704 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 ml) were heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D30 (0.53 g, 62%).

Description 31 4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-2-hydrazino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (D31)

To a suspension of compound D30 (0.530 g, 1.152 mmol) in THF (10 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.224 ml, 4.61 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min. After cooling, the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate compound D31 (0.280 g, 69%) as a white solid.

Description 32 2-cyclopropyl-N′-[4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]acetohydrazide (D32)

To a solution of D31 (0.29 g, 0.818 mmol) in dry DCM (10 ml) was added Et₃N (0.201 ml, 1.473 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride [C.A.S. 543222-65-5] (0.116 g, 0.982 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 20 min. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D32 (0.354 g, 99%).

Description 33 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-pyridine (D33)

To a solution of NaH (0.193 g, 4.834 mmol) in DMF (20 ml) cooled at 0° C., was added 4-phenylpiperidine (0.844 g, 5.236 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min., before D25 (0.87 g, 4.028 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was then quenched with water and extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D33 (0.73 g, 53%).

Description 34 [2-Hydrazino-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (D34)

To a suspension of compound D33 (0.350 g, 1.027 mmol) in THF (6 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.199 ml, 4.108 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min. Addition of hydrazine monohydrate (0.199 and 0.249 ml) to the reaction mixture followed by heating at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min was repeated twice. After cooling, the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate compound D34 (0.320 g, 93%) as a white solid.

Description 35 N′-[4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]pentanehydrazide (D35)

To a solution of D34 (0.350 g, 1.041 mmol) in dry DCM (10 ml) was added Et₃N (0.255 ml, 1.873 mmol) and pentanoyl chloride [C.A.S. 638-29-9] (0.126 ml, 1.041 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 10 min. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D35 (0.435 g, 99%).

Description 36 2,3-Dichloro-pyridine-4-carbaldehyde (D36) [C.A.S. 884495-41-4]

To a solution of 2,3-dichloropyridine [C.A.S. 2402-77-9] (10 g, 67.57 mmol) in dry THF (200 ml) cooled at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added dropwise n-butyllithium (37.165 ml, 74 mmol, 2 M in hexanes). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 20 min. Then dry DMF (6.28 ml, 81.087 mmol) was added dropwise. After 15 min. stirring at −78° C., the mixture was allowed to warm to r.t., quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by short open column chromatography (DCM as eluent). The desired product fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was further purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/heptane up to 50% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D36 (4.15 g, 34.9%) as a white solid.

Description 37 2,3-Dichloro-4-[(4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)methyl]pyridine (D37)

To a solution of 4-phenylpiperidine [CAS 771-99-3] (0.155 g, 0.818 mmol) in DCE (27 ml) was added D36 (1 g, 5.68 mmol), sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (1.325 g, 6.25 mmol) and acetic acid (0.53 ml) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 day. The reaction mixture was neutralized with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D37 (0.582 g, 31.9%) as a white solid.

Description 38 3-Chloro-2-hydrazino-[4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]pyridine (D38)

To a suspension of compound D37 (0.521 g, 1.622 mmol) in EtOH (6 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (1.574 ml, 32.448 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, a white solid precipitated out. The solid was washed with Et₂O and dissolved in a DCM-7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH mixture. The resulting solution was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D38 (0.452 g, 88%) as a white solid.

Description 39 N′-{3-chloro-4-[(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}-2-cyclopropylacetohydrazide (D39)

To a solution of D38 (0.179 g, 0.565 mmol) in dry DCM (3 ml) cooled at 0° C. were added Et₃N (0.118 ml, 0.847 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride [C.A.S. 543222-65-5] (0.080 g, 0.678 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D39 (0.269 g) as a crude material, which was used without further purification.

Description 40 tert-butyl 4-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (D40)

To a solution of 4-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester [C.A.S. 732275-95-5] (2.6 g, 8.14 mmol) in THF (150 ml) cooled at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, was added methylmagnesium bromide—1.4 M solution in toluene/THF (17.443 ml, 24.421 mmol), dropwise and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 2 h. After cooling in an ice bath the mixture was carefully quenched with NH₄Cl (saturated aqueous sat. solution) and then extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to yield D40 (2.77 g, 69%).

Description 41 2-(2-Piperidin-4-ylphenyl)propan-2-ol (D41)

A solution of intermediate D40 (27 g, 5.636 mmol) and KOH (2.433 g, 43.357 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (13.5 ml) and water (27 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 60 min. After cooling to r.t., the mixture was washed with water and NaCl (aqueous saturated solution). The organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 10% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate compound D41 as a yellow solid (1.041 g, 84%). M.P. 219.5° C.

Description 42 2-Cyano-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-phenyl-but-2-enoic Acid Ethyl Ester (D42)

A mixture of trifluoromethylphenylketone [C.A.S. 434-45-7] (5 g, 28.71 mmol) and ethyl cyanoacetate [C.A.S. 105-56-6] (3.61 mL, 31.58 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was flushed with nitrogen, then cooled to 0° C. and maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere. Neat titanium(IV) chloride (6.79 mL, 60.30 mmol) was added dropwise, the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min at 0° C. and then pyridine (1.5 mL) was added dropwise. When the addition was complete, the ice bath was removed, the reaction was stirred for 30 min at r.t., additional pyridine was added (5 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 20 h at r.t. The mixture was then diluted in DCM (100 mL) and washed with HCl 2N (2×200 mL), water (300 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic phase was evaporated to yield intermediate compound D42 (4.8 g, 61%) as a mixture of E/Z isomers, as a colourless oil which was used without further purification.

Description 43 2,6-Dioxo-4-phenyl-4-trifluoromethyl-piperidine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (D43)

To a solution of intermediate D42 (mixture of isomers) (4.71 g, 17.4 mmol) and 2-cyanoacetamide [C.A.S. 107-91-5] (2.51 g, 29.94 mmol), in dry EtOH (150 mL), was added a solution of sodium acetate (59.89 mmol) in EtOH, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 46 h at r.t. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was treated with water (60 mL), the resulting aqueous solution was neutralized with HCl 1N to pH 3, extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL) and the organic phase was dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to give intermediate D43 (4.71 g, 87%) as a brown oil which was used without further purification.

Description 44 9-Phenyl-9-trifluoromethyl-3,7-diaza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,6,8-tetraone (D43)

To a mixture of intermediate D43 (4.71 g, 15.33 mmol) in AcOH (25 mL) and water (25 mL) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (25 g) and the reaction was heated at reflux for 20 h (bath temperature 170° C.). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and 30 mL of water were added. A solid precipitated that was filtered off and was washed with cold water to yield intermediate D44 (3.6 g, 71%) as a cream solid that was used without further purification.

Description 45 3-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-pentanedioic Acid (D45)

To 20 mL of an aqueous solution of KOH (20%) was added intermediate compound D44 (2.6 g, 7.96 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0° C. and a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid (7 g) in water (20 mL) was added carefully. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h, then cooled to r.t. and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The organic phase was evaporated in vacuo to yield afford D45 (1.81 g, 81%) as a yellowish oil.

Description 46 4-Phenyl-4-trifluoromethyl-piperidine-2,6-dione (46)

A mixture of intermediate D45 (1.8 g, 6.51 mmol) in acetic anhydride (16.6 g) was heated at reflux (bath temperature 180° C.) for 2 h. The excess acetic anhydride was removed by evaporation, urea (0.42 g, 6.51 mmol) was added to the resulting residue and heated at 195° C. for 15 min. The resulting mixture was cooled and the crude was purified by column chromatography (DCM/MeOH 9.5/0.5) to afford intermediate D46 (1.5 g, 89%) as a white solid.

Description 47 4-Phenyl-4-trifluoromethyl-piperidine (D47)

To a mixture of intermediate D46 (1.6 g, 6.22 mmol) in dry THF (150 mL), was added BH₃-THF (21.77 mL, 1M) at r.t. and the reaction was heated at reflux for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to r.t. and quenched by the careful addition of 6 N HCl (10 mL). After the gas evolution ceased, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was treated with additional 6 N HCl (70 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour, then cooled to r.t. and treated with a 2M solution of NaOH to pH 11. The crude was extracted with DCM (3×30 mL) to afford a transparent oil, which was purified by column chromatography (DCM/MeOH (1% NH₃) 9/1) to yield intermediate D47 (0.91 g, 64%) as a colorless oil which crystallized upon standing. M.P.=87.6° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 2.01-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.15 (br. s., 1H), 2.47 (dd, J=14.1, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (br t, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (br d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.49 (m, 4H).

Description 48 1′-(2,3-Dichloropyridin-4-yl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine] (D48)

A mixture of intermediate D10 (3 g, 10.953 mmol), 4-spiro-[3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran)]piperidine [CAS 171-77-7] (2.28 g, 12.049 mmol and DIPEA (7.63 ml, 43.814 mmol) in CH₃CN (100 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. for 3 days. The mixture was then treated with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 4% as eluent), the desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D48 (2.9 g, 63%) as a white solid. M.P. 177.2° C.

Description 49 1′-(3-Chloro-2-hydrazinopyridin-4-yl)spiro-[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine] (D49)

To a suspension of intermediate D48 (1.13 g, 3.371 mmol) in EtOH (11.3 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.588 ml, 11.872 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 50 min. Additional hydrazine monohydrate (5 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then heated at 160° C. for 35 min under microwave irradiation. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D49 (1.05 g, 94%) which was used without further purification.

Description 50 N′-[3-chloro-4-(1′H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-3,3,3-trifluoropropanehydrazide (D49)

To a solution of intermediate D49 (1.05 g, 3.174 mmol) in dry DCM (100 ml) cooled at 0° C. was added Et₃N (0.792 ml, 5.713 mmol) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl chloride [C.A.S. 41463-83-6] (0.465 mg, 3.174 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate D50 (1.39 g) as a crude material, which was used without further purification.

Description 51 N′-[4-(4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]-2-(1-methylethoxy)acetohydrazide (D51)

To a solution of intermediate D31 (0.29 g, 0.818 mmol), 2-isopropoxyacetic acid [C.A.S. 33445-07-7] (0.116 g, 0.982 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.167 g, 1.233 mmol) in dry THF (3.5 ml) was added N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.254 g, 1.233 mmol) in dry DCM (14 ml). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h. The resulting solution was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc gradient as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The solid obtained was triturated with DCM. The soluble fraction was collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D51 (0.245 g, 52%).

Description 52 4-(3,6-Difluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (D52)

2-Bromo-1,4-difluoro-3-methoxy-benzene (0.7 g, 3.139 mmol) [C.A.S. 1208076-11-2] was added to a stirred solution of 3,6-dihydro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1(2H)-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (1.262 g, 4.08 mmol) [C.A.S. 286961-14-6], Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.072 g, 0.062 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (3.5 ml, aqueous sat. solution) in 1,4-dioxane (7 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with Et₂O. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; Heptane/EtOAc 90/10 to 80/2 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was triturated with Et₂O to yield intermediate D52 (0.233 g, 22%).

Description 53 4-(3,6-Difluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (D53)

A solution of intermediate D52 (0.233 g, 0.716 mmol) in EtOH (15 ml) was hydrogenated in a H-Cube® reactor (1 ml/min, Pd(OH)₂ 20% cartridge, full H₂ mode, 80° C.). The solvent was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D53 (0.197 g, 84%).

Description 54 4-(3,6-Difluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperidine (D54)

Hydrochloric acid (7M in isopropanol) (2 ml) was added to a stirred solution of intermediate D53 (0.197 g, 0.602 mmol) in MeOH (1 ml). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1.5 h. The mixture was diluted with Na₂CO₃ (aqueous saturated solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D54 (0.117 g, 85%).

Description 55 4-(2,3-Dichloro-pyridin-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-phenyl-piperazine (D55)

A mixture of D10 (1.083 g, 3.955 mmol), 2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpiperazine (0.903 g, 4.745 mmol) [C.A.S. 2946-75-0] and DIPEA (1.378 ml, 7.909 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 5 days. After cooling, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; Heptane/EtOAc 100/10 to 80/20 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D55 (0.56 g, 42%).

Description 56 [3-Chloro-4-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine (D56)

To a suspension of D55 (0.56 g, 1.665 mmol) in DMSO (6 ml) was added hydrazine monohydrate (1.649 ml, 33.307 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. overnight. Then, after cooling, the mixture was diluted with NaHCO₃ (aqueous saturated solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was lyophilized to yield intermediate D56 (0.371 g, 67%).

Description 57 N′-[3-chloro-4-((3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-3,3,3-trifluoropropanohydrazide (D57)

To a solution of D56 (0.371 g, 1.12 mmol) and Et₃N (0.116 ml, 0.877 mmol) in dry DCM (17 ml) cooled at 0° C., was added a solution of 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl chloride [C.A.S. 41463-83-6] (0.82 ml, 0.56 mmol) in dry DCM (3 ml). The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled at 0° C. and additional Et₃N (0.29 mmol) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl chloride (0.25 mmol) were added. The resulting reaction mixture was gradually warmed to r.t. and stirred for an additional 1 h. NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added and the resulting solution was then extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D57 (0.459 g, 92%).

Description 58 2-(1-Benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-3-bromo-pyridine (D58)

To a solution of (1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-methanol (0.675 g, 3.019 mmol) [C.A.S. 158984-76-0] in dry THF (40 ml) cooled at 0° C., was added NaH (0.138 g, 3.622 mmol; 60% mineral oil). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Then, a solution of 2-chloro-3-bromopyridine (0.58 g, 3.019 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml) was added and the mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 85° C. for 2 h. After cooling, additional (1-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-methanol (0.675 g, 3.019 mmol), NaH (0.138 g, 3.622 mmol; 60% mineral oil) were added to the reaction mixture, which was then heated at 85° C. overnight. Then, after cooling, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D58 (0.55 g, 50%).

Description 59 1-Benzyl-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine] (D59)

A solution of D58 (1.12 g, 3.117 mmol), tributyltin hydride (0.963 ml, 3.585 mmol) and α,α′-azodiisobutyronitrile (0.512 mg, 3.117 mmol) in dry toluene (65 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 135° C. for 20 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH and Amberlyst® 15 ion exchange resin (3.678 g) was added. The resulting mixture was shaken at r.t. for 16 h. The resin was filtered off, washed with MeOH and DCM, and dried in vacuo. The resin was suspended in NH₃ (7M in MeOH) and shaken at r.t. for 2 h. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was dissolved in DCM (50 ml) and KF (50 ml of aqueous saturated solution) was added. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The organic phase was separated, washed with KF (aqueous sat. solution), NaCl (aqueous sat. solution), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with heptane to give intermediate D59 (0.45 g, 51%) as a pale yellow solid.

Description 60 Spiro [furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine] (D60)

To a stirred solution of D59 (1.6 g, 5.707 mmol) and Et₃N (0.793 ml, 5.707 mmol) in DCM (32 ml) cooled at 0° C. was added dropwise α-chloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (1.246 ml, 11.414 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 min, then, the crude was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (32 ml), heated at reflux for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in n-butanol and stirred at r.t. overnight. The solid was filtered off and washed with n-butanol and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH and Amberlyst® 15 ion exchange resin (2.78 g) was added. The resulting mixture was shaken at r.t. for 16 h. The resin was filtered off, washed with MeOH and DCM, and dried in vacuo. The resin was suspended in NH₃ (7M in MeOH) and shaken at r.t. for 2 h The resin was filtered off, washed with NH₃ (7M in MeOH) and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give intermediate D60 (0.688 g, 63%) as a brown oil.

Description 61 4-Phenyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (D61)

A stirred solution of 4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.1 g, 0.471 mmol) [C.A.S. 886766-28-5], iodobenzene (0.026 ml, 0.236) and CsOH (0.079 g, 0.471 mmol) in DMSO (1 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 120° C. for 20 min. After cooling, additional 4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2 eq.) was added, and the mixture was then heated at 120° C. for 20 min. The mixture was cooled. The mixture was washed with NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) was added and extracted with Et₂O. The organic phase was separated, washed with water, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by manifold (Sep-Pak® silica cartridge; DCM as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D61 (0.021 g, 31%) as a white solid.

Description 62 4-Phenyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]octane (D62)

To a stirred solution of D61 (0.466 g, 1.616 mmol) in dry DCM (8.5 ml) was added, trifluoroacetic acid (1.4 ml). The mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with water and extracted with DCM. The aqueous phase was collected, basified with NaOH 50% (aqueous solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by manifold (Sep-Pak® silica cartridge; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D62 (0.101 g, 33%).

Description 63 N′-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-cyclopropylpropionic Acid Hydrazide (D63)

To a solution of D27 (1.851 g, 6.536 mmol) in dry DCM (40 ml) was added Et₃N (3.617 ml, 26.146 mmol) and cyclopropyl-propionyl chloride [C.A.S. 56105-20-5] (1.04 g, 7.844 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The mixture was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D63 (2.3 g, 93%).

Description 64 7-Chloro-3-cyclopropylethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D64)

A mixture of D63 (2.3 g, 6.062 mmol) and phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.848 g, 9.094 mmol) and DIPEA (0.792 ml, 4.547 mmol) in CH₃CN (24 ml) were heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 15 min. After cooling, the resulting reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 90/10 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D64 (0.9 g, 51%).

Description 65 1′-(2,3-Dichloropyridin-4-yl) 3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine (D65)

A mixture of intermediate D10 (0.35 g, 1.278 mmol), 3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine [C.A.S 180160-92-3] (0.333 g, 1.534 mmol) and DIPEA (0.534 ml, 3.068 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 110° C. overnight. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified again by HPLC to yield intermediate D65 (0.030 g, 5%).

Description 66 [3-Chloro-4-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-hydrazine (D66)

To a suspension of D65 (0.4 g, 1.101 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (11 ml) was added hydrazine monohydrate (0.327 ml, 6.606 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min. After cooling, additional hydrazine monohydrate (20 eq.) was added. Then the mixture was heated at 160° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in Na₂CO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D66 (0.38 g, 96%).

Description 67 3,3,3-trifluoropropanal-N′-{3′-chloro-4′-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidyl]pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazone (D67)

A solution of D66 (0.38 g, 1.059 mmol) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropionaldehyde (0.125 g, 1.112 mmol) in EtOH (10.6 ml) was heated at 78° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D67 (0.5 g).

Description 68 (4-Chloro-3-iodo-pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazine (D68)

To a suspension of D24 (4.7 g, 17.16 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (240 ml), was added hydrazine monohydrate (5.096 ml, 102.96 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight. After cooling, the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was dissolved in DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with Et₂O. The solid obtained was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D68 (2.26 g, 49%).

Description 69 Cyclopropyl-acetic acid N′-4-chloro-3-iodo-pyridin-2-yl)-hydrazide (D69)

To a solution of D68 (3 g, 11.133 mmol) in dry DCM (40 ml) stirred at 0° C. was added Et₃N (3.081 ml, 22.266 mmol) and cyclopropyl-acetyl chloride [C.A.S. 543222-65-5] (1.584 g, 13.359 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. The mixture was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D69 (4.04 g).

Description 70 8-Iodo-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D70)

Intermediate D69 (0.74 g, 2.389 mmol) was heated at 160° C. for 2 h. After cooling, the gum thus obtained was purified by short open column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D70 (7 g, 55%) as a yellow solid. M.P. 246.7° C.

Description 71 8-Methyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D71)

To a mixture of D70 (0.6 g, 1.8 mmol) in toluene (15 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere were added methylboronic acid (0.538 g, 9 mmol), dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; S-Phos (0.171 g, 0.36 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.04 g, 0.18 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.745 g, 5.396 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 20/80 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D71 (0.312 g, 78%) as a cream solid.

Description 72 1′-(benzyl)-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidin]-3-thione (D72)

To a mixture of 1′-(phenylmethyl)-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidin]-3-one (25 g, 85.2 mmol) [C.A.S. 37663-42-6] in toluene (600 ml), was added 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (Lawesson's reagent) (34.47 g, 85.2 mmol was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 140° C. for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was poured into NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was purified by HPLC to yield intermediate D72 (8 g, 30.3%).

Description 73 N-benzyl-3,3-difluoro-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine (D73)

To a stirred solution of D72 (8 g, 25.85 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen trifluoride (48 g, 159 mmol) in DCM (1 L) was added N-bromosuccinimide (11.2 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 6 hour. Then a mixture of NaHCO₃/NaHSO₃ (10% aqueous solution) was added and stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was purified on SFC to yield intermediate D73 (1.3 g, 16%).

Description 74 3,3-diFluoro-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine (D74)

To a stirred solution of D73 (1.3 g, 4.122 mmol) in DCM (450 ml), was added DIPEA (4 g). The resulting mixture was cooled to 0-5° C. and a solution of α-chloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (2.947 g, 20.611 mmol) in DCM (50 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h then, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (400 ml), heated at reflux for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with Na₂CO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D74 (0.6 g, 64.6%)

Description 75 2,6-Dioxo-4-(2-pyridinyl)-4-methyl-piperidine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (D75)

To a solution of 2-acetylpyridine (5 g, 41.275 mmol) and ethyl cyanoacetate (9.805 g, 86.677 mmol) at 0° C., was added NH₃ (7M in MeOH, 200 ml), was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. for 48 h and then concentrated in vacuo to give intermediate D75 (6 g, 57%)

Description 76 3-(2-Pyridinyl)-3-methyl-pentanedioic acid (D76)

To a mixture of D75 (6 g, 23.6 mmol) in water (3 ml) stirred at r.t., sulfuric acid (3 ml) was carefully added. The resulting mixture was heated at 170° C. for 24 h. After cooling, NaOH (50% aqueous solution) was added dropwise (to afford pH 5-6). Then, MeOH was added to the aqueous mixture. The precipitate thus obtained was filtered and dried in vacuo to yield intermediate D76 (3.5 g, 66.4%) as a green dark oil

Description 77 2,6-Dioxo-4-(2-pyridinyl)-4-methyl-piperidine (D77)

A solution of D76 (1.7 g, 7.616 mmol) and urea (1.143 g, 19.039 mmol) in MeOH (10 ml) was concentrated in vacuo. The homogeneous solid mixture thus obtained was heated at 180° C. for 3 h in a open flask. After cooling, the solid residue was suspended in water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; EtOAc as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D77 (0.6 g, 38.58%)

Description 78 4-(2-Pyridinyl)-4-methyl-piperidine (D78)

To a mixture of intermediate D77 (0.6 g, 2.938 mmol) in dry THF (25 mL), was added BH₃-THF (10.283 mL, 1M) at r.t. and the reaction was heated at reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to r.t. and quenched by the careful addition of 6 N HCl (50 mL). After the gas evolution ceased, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue thus obtained was treated with additional 6 N HCl (150 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h, then cooled at r.t. and treated with a 2M solution of NaOH to pH 11. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc to yield intermediate D78 (0.4 g, 77%) as an orange oil

Description 79 N′-[4-(benzyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)acetic Acid Hydrazide (D79)

To a stirred solution of D27 (1.851 g, 6.536 mmol), 2-pyridine acetic acid, hydrochloride (1:1) (0.674 mg, 3.883 mmol), DIPEA (2.434 ml, 14.122 mmol) in DMF (20 ml) at r.t. was added 2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate [C.A.S. 148893-10-1] (1.477 g, 3.883 mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. Water was added to the mixture and the precipitate obtained was filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo to yield intermediate D79 (1.26 g, 88.7%).

Description 80 7-Chloro-3-(2-pyridinyl)methyl)-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D80)

D79 (1.1 g, 2.734 mmol), phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.382 g, 4.101 mmol) and DIPEA (0.357 ml, 2.05 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 ml) were heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 15 min. After cooling, the resulting reaction mixture was poured in ice/water, washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 20/80 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D80 (0.35 g, 41%).

Description 81 8-Ethyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D81)

To a mixture of intermediate D70 (0.6 g, 1.8 mmol) in toluene (14 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere were added ethylboronic acid (0.665 g, 9 mmol), dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; X-Phos (0.171 g, 0.36 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.04 g, 0.18 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.745 g, 5.396 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 20/80 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was purified by HPLC to yield intermediate D81 (0.053 g, 12.6%).

Description 82 8-Cyclopropyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D82)

To a mixture of D70 (0.6 g, 1.8 mmol) in toluene (14 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere were added potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (0.799 g, 5.4 mmol), bis(adamantan-1-yl)(butyl)phosphine (0.019 g, 0.054 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (8.15 mg, 0.036 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (1.758 g, 5.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, additional potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (0.7 g, 4.71 mmol), bis(adamantan-1-yl)(butyl)phosphine (0.019 g, 0.054 mmol) and palladium(II) acetate (8.15 mg, 0.036 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture, which was then heated at 100° C. for 48 h. After cooling, more potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (0.35 g, 2.37 mmol) was added and heated at 100° C. for 3 days. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 60/40 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D82 (0.217 g, 48.7%) as a yellow solid.

Description 83 1-Benzyl-4-[4-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-phenyl]-4-hydroxypiperidine (D83)

To an anhydrous THF (50 mL) cooled at −70° C. stirred under nitrogen a 2.5 M solution of n-BuLi (4.22 mL, 10.54 mmol) was added. Then 2-bromo-5-fluoro-α,α-dimethyl-benzylalcohol (1.17 g, 5.02 mmol) [C.A.S. 853271-16-6] was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 2 h. Then a solution of 1-benzylpiperidin-4-one (1.33 g, 7.028 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 ml) was added dropwise. Then, the resulting solution was stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) at 5-10° C. The resulting aqueous solution was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; heptane/EtOAc from 100/0 to 60/40 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D83 (0.4 g, 23%).

Description 84 N-Benzyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine] (D84)

To a stirred solution of D83 (0.4 g, 1.165 mmol) in toluene (8 ml) at r.t., borontrifluoride diethyletherate (1.463 ml, 11.647 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. Then additional borontrifluoride diethyletherate (0.4 ml) was added and stirred overnight. Then, the reaction mixture was poured into NaOH (2N aqueous solution) and stirred for 10 min. The aqueous solution was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, washed with Na₂CO₃ (aqueous sat. solution), dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D84 (0.271 g, 72%).

Description 85 3,3-Dimethyl-5-fluoro-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine] (D85)

A solution of intermediate D84 (0.271 g, 0.833 mmol) in EtOH (17 ml) was hydrogenated in a H-Cube Reactor® (1 ml/min, Pd/C 10% cartridge, full H₂ mode, 80° C.). The solvent was concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D85 (0.168 g, 86%) as off-white solid.

Description 86 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-7-[4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D86)

A stirred suspension of final compound E26 (0.225 g, 0.613 mmol), triethylsilane (0.195 ml, 1.227 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.071, 0.0613 mmol) and DIPEA (0.331 ml, 1.533 mmol) in propionitrile (3 ml) was heated at 200° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was refilled with additional triethylsilane (0.195 ml) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.050) and heated at 200° C. under microwave irradiation for 30 min. After cooling, the mixture was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified again by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 10/90 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D86 (0.089 g, 43.7%).

Description 87 7-Vinyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D87)

A suspension of D29 (1.65 g, 5.986 mmol), vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (1.218 ml, 7.183 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.346, 0.3 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution, 12.5 ml) in 1,4-dioxane (64.5 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 13 min. After cooling, the resulting reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc/water and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was washed with water and NaCl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified again by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 60/40 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D87 (1.34 g, 83.7%).

Description 88 7-carboxaldehyde-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D88)

A solution of D87 (6.24 g, 21.014 mmol), sodium periodate (13.484 g, 63.041 mmol), osmium tetroxide (2.5% in tert-butanol, 10.873 ml, 0.841 mmol) in water (55 ml) and 1,4-dioxane (221 ml) was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The resulting reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc/water and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The solid residue was washed with Et₂O, filtered and dried in vacuo to yield intermediate D88 (3.84 g, 67.9%).

Description 89 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D89)

To a solution of D88 (1.73 g, 6.426 mmol) in MeOH (58 ml) stirred at 0° C., was added portionwise sodium borohydride (0.243, 6.426 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with water and NaCl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D89 (1.015 g, 58%) as a brown syrup.

Description 90 7-(methylsulfonyloxy)methyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D90)

To a solution of D89 (1.341 g, 9.678 mmol) and Et₃N (0.778 ml, 5.612 mmol) in DCM (42 ml) stirred at 0° C., was added dropwise methylsulfonyl chloride (0.749 ml, 9.678 mmol) and stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The resulting mixture was treated with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D90 (2.6 g, 87%).

Description 91 7-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D91)

To a solution of D88 (0.3 g, 1.114 mmol) in THF (20 ml) cooled at −20° C. stirred under nitrogen was added dropwise a 1.4 M solution of methylmagnesium bromide (0.876 mL, 1.226 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was treated with NH₄Cl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D91 (0.287 g, 90%).

Description 92 7-[1-(4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy)ethyl]-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D92)

To an ice-cooled stirred solution of D91 (0.154 g, 0.54 mmol) in DCM (1.5 ml) was added pyridine (0.130 ml) and 4-benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.205 g, 1.08 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 5 days. The reaction was treated with 2N HCl (aqueous solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D92 (0.142 g, 50%).

Description 93 7-Vinyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D93)

To a solution of D13 (12 g, 35.976 mmol), vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (6.713 ml, 39.573 mmol) in NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution, 90 ml) in 1,4-dioxane (360 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (2.079, 1.8 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 16 h. After cooling, the resulting reaction mixture was diluted with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 20/80 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield intermediate D93 (6.09 g, 72%) as a yellow solid.

Description 94 8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-7-carbaldehyde (D94)

To a solution of D93 (6.09 g, 25.059 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (320 ml) stirred at r.t. was added osmium tetroxide (2.5% in tert-butanol, 13.483 ml, 1.042 mmol). Then a solution of sodium periodate (16.721 g, 78.177 mmol) in water (80 ml) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h, then, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The solid residue was triturated with Et₂O, filtered and dried in vacuo to yield intermediate D94 (5.48 g, 89%) as a cream solid.

Description 95 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D95)

To a stirred solution of D94 (3 g, 12.73 mmol) in MeOH (100 ml) at 0° C., was added portionwise sodium borohydride (0.482, 12.73 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with NaCl (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 6% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D95 (2.03 g, 67%) as a white solid.

Description 96 7-Chloromethyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D96)

To a solution of D95 (2 g, 8.414 mmol) and Et₃N (3.5 ml, 25.243 mmol) in DCM (80 ml) stirred at 0° C., was added dropwise methylsulfonyl chloride (1.954 ml, 25.243 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h, then diluted with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D96 (2.4 g, 100%) as a cream solid.

Description 97 3-Bromo-8-cyano-7-(4-phenylpiperidinyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D97)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D8 (0.49 g, 1.615 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) was added N-bromosuccinimide (0.316 g, 1.777 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1.5 h. The mixture was carefully washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D97 (0.48 g, 78%).

Description 98 8-Methyl-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-chloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D98)

To a mixture of intermediate D70 (1 g, 3 mmol) in toluene (25 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere were added methylboronic acid (0.897 g, 15 mmol), dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine; X-Phos (0.286 g, 0.6 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.067 g, 0.3 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.243 g, 9 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for two days. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 0/100 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D98 (0.365 g, 55%).

Description 99 4-(3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (D99)

A mixture of D98 (0.358 mg, 1.614 mmol), N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-4-boronic acid pinacol ester (0.6 g, 1.937 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.0933 g, 0.0801 mmol) in NaHCO₃, (3.5 ml, aqueous sat. solution) and 1,4-dioxane (9 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, the mixture was refilled with additional N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-4-boronic acid pinacol ester (0.5 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.072 g) and NaHCO₃, (1 ml, aqueous sat. solution). The mixture was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was diluted with EtOAc/H₂O, filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc. The organic phase was collected, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; EtOAc/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 6% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D99 (0.458 g, 77%).

Description 100 4-(3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic Acid Tert-Butyl Ester (D100)

A solution of intermediate D99 (0.606 g, 1.645 mmol) in EtOH (35 ml) was hydrogenated in a H-Cube® reactor (1 ml/min, Pd/C 10% cartridge, full H₂ mode, 80° C.). The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; EtOAc/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 6% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D100 (0.214 g, 35%).

Description 101 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-methyl-7-piperidin-4-yl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (D101)

To a stirred solution of D100 (0.207 g, 0.560 mmol) in dry DCM (3.5 ml), was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.01 ml). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was basified with NaOH 50% (aqueous solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo to yield intermediate D101 (0.149 g, 99%).

Example 1 8-Chloro-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E1)

D39 (0.268 g, 0.672 mmol) and phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.125 ml, 1.344 mmol) in CH₃CN (3 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (three times). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E1 (0.112 g, 43.8%) as a white solid.

Example 2 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E2)

A suspension of D32 (0.37 g, 0.848 mmol), DIPEA-polymer supported (0.652 g, 2.543 mmol, 3.9 mmol/g), triphenylphosphine-polymer supported (1.77 g, 2.119 mmol, 1.8 mmol/g) and trichloroacetonitrile (0.102 ml, 1.017 mmol) in DCE (10 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with DCM and MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 40% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to preparative Supercritical fluid purification (pyridine 20 mm; mobile phase, isocratic 85% CO₂, 15% MeOH) yielding compound E2 (0.1 g, 28%).

Example 3 8-Chloro-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E3)

A suspension of D20 (7.768 g, 18.03 mmol), DIPEA-polymer supported (13.869 g, 54.09 mmol, 3.9 mmol/g), triphenylphosphine-polymer supported (25.042 g, 45.075 mmol, 1.8 mmol/g) and trichloroacetonitrile (2.169 ml, 21.636 mmol) in DCE (180 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with DCM and MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 40% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to preparative Supercritical fluid purification (pyridine 20 mm; mobile phase, isocratic 83% CO₂, 17% MeOH) yielding final compound E3 (2.357 g, 31%).

Example 4 3-Butyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E4)

D35 (0.44 g, 1.046 mmol) and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.146 ml, 1.57 mmol) in DCE (5 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E4 (0.160 g, 38%).

Example 5 8-Chloro-3-(ethoxymethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E5)

D17 (0.544 g, 1.4 mmol) and phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.13 ml, 1.4 mmol) in DCE (5 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield compound E5 (0.175 g, 34%).

Example 6 1′-[8-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′piperidine] (E6)

To a stirred solution of compound D13 (0.2 g, 0.6 mmol) in toluene (3 ml) were added spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine] hydrochloride [CAS 37663-44-8] (0.147 g, 0.779 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (0.007 g, 0.03 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.488 g, 1.5 mmol) and BINAP (0.028 g, 0.045 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 95° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and NaCl (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 1% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified again by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 60% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with diisopropyl ether to yield final compound E6 (0.074 g, 31%) as a pale yellow solid.

Example 7 2-[1-[8-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-piperidinyl]-α,α-dimethyl-benzenemethanol (E7)

To a stirred solution of compound D13 (003 g, 0.0899 mmol) in toluene (1 ml) were added D41 (0.0256 g, 0.117 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (1.02 mg, 0.0045 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.0733 g, 0.225 mmol) and BINAP (4.2 mg, 0.0067 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 95° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube. An additional amount of palladium (II) acetate (1.02 mg, 0.0045 mmol) and BINAP (4.2 mg, 0.0067 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then heated at 95° C. for 6 h under microwave irradiation. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was washed with NaCl (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield E7 (0.02 g, 52%).

Example 8 1′-[8-Chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[isobenzofuran-3H),4′-piperidine] (E8)

A solution of D23 (0.369 g, 0.836 mmol) and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.156 ml, 1.673 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Additional phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.5 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then irradiated at 150° C. for 5 min. After cooling, NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E8 (0.015 g, 4%).

Example 9 8-Chloro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E9)

D16 (0.440 g, 1.137 mmol) and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.229 mg, 1.365 mmol) in DCE (4 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. After cooling, the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM, washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E9 (0.320 g, 76%).

Example 10 3-ethyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (E10)

A solution of D7 (0.05 g, 0.17 mmol) and triethylorthopropionate (0.462 ml, 2.556 mmol) in xylene (1 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 180° C. for 2 h. After cooling, the resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E10 (0.042 g, 74%).

Example 11 3-(4-Morpholinylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (E11)

To a solution of D9 (0.065 g, 0.196 mmol) in DCM (2.5 ml) were added morpholine (0.026 g, 0.294 mmol) and sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (0.062 mg, 0.294 mmol).

The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 day. The reaction mixture was washed with H₂O, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E11 (0.04 g, 51%) as a white solid.

Example 12 7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2,4triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (E12)

To a solution of D8 (0.301 g, 0.992 mmol) in acetic acid (4.5 ml) were added 4-phenylpiperidine (0.160 g, 0.992 mmol) and formaldehyde (0.223 ml, 0.992 mmol; 37%). The resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with 2M NaOH. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 2% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue that was purified by HPLC (C18Xbridge 19×100; mobile phase AcONH4/CH₃CN gradient as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E12 (0.085 g, 18%).

Example 13 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (E13)

A mixture of compound D5 (0.2 g, 0.86 mmol), 4-phenylpiperidine (0.166 g, 1.031 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.148 g, 1.074 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. The mixture was then cooled to r.t. and the solvents evaporated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield compound E13 as yellow solid (0.150 g, 49%).

Example 14 3-Cyclobutyl-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile (E14)

A solution of D7 (0.190 g, 0.648 mmol), DIPEA (0.226 g, 1.295 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.510 g, 1.943 mmol), trichloroacetonitrile (0.13 ml, 1.295 mmol) and cyclobutanecarboxylic acid [C.A.S. 3721-95-7] (0.065 g, 0.648 mmol) in DCE (10 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 18 min. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was washed with water, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with Et₂O yielding compound E14 (0.06 g, 26%).

Example 15 8-Chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-trifluoromethyl-4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E15)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D13 (1 g, 2.998 mmol) in toluene (10 ml) were added intermediate D47 (0.962 g, 4.197 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (34 mg, 0.15 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (1.465 g, 4.497 mmol) and BINAP (0.14 g, 0.225 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated at 95° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was suspended in water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄), concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with EtOAc, diisopropyl ether and EtOH to yield compound E15 (0.503 g, 39%).

Example 16 1′-[8-Chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine] (E16)

A solution of intermediate D50 (1.393 g, 3.16 mmol), phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.333 ml, 3.476 mmol) and DIPEA (0.605 ml, 3.476 mol) in DCE (15 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Additional phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.6 eq) and diisopropyletheylamine (0.6 eq) were added to the reaction mixture, which was then irradiated at 150° C. for 5 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E16 (0.307 g, 23%).

Example 17 1′-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidine] (E17)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.13 g, 0.472 mmol), 4-spiro-[3-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran)]piperidine [CAS 171-77-7] (0.178 g, 0.943 mmol) and DIPEA (0.493 ml, 2.83 mmol) in CH₃CN (3 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 1 h. After cooling, NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 25% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E17 (0.115 g, 57%).

Example 18 7-(4-Fluoro-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-[(1-methylethoxy)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E18)

A suspension of intermediate D51 (0.245 g, 0.539 mmol), DIPEA-polymer supported (0.616 g, 2.156 mmol, 3.5 mmol/g), triphenylphosphine-polymer supported (0.61 g, 1.348 mmol, 2.21 mmol/g) and trichloroacetonitrile (0.065 ml, 0.647 mmol) in DCE (12 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 15 min. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with DCM and MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc up to 80% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized from Et₂O/DIPE yielding final compound E18 (0.69 g, 29%).

Example 43 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E43)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (2.21 g, 7.618 mmol), phenylpiperidine (1.734 g, 9.142 mmol) and DIPEA (2.654 ml, 15.236 mmol) in CH₃CN (8.5 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 6% as eluent followed by DCM/EtOAc from 50/50 to 0/100). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E43 (0.93 g, 30.4%).

Example 297 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Hydrochloride Salt (E297)

To a stirred solution of final compound E43 (0.498 g, 1.244 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (30 ml) and MeOH (2 ml) was added dropwise HCl (4M in 1,4-dioxane, few drops). The resulting suspension was concentrated in vacuo. The solid residue was triturated with acetone, filtered and dried in vacuo to yield final compound E297 (0.482 g, 88.7%) as a white solid.

Example 100 8-Chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7-(3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E100)

A solution of intermediate D57 (0.463 g, 1.048 mmol) and phosphorus (V) oxychloride (0.146 ml, 1.572 mmol) in CH₃CN (11 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, additional phosphorous (V) oxychloride (0.21 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then irradiated at 150° C. for 10 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was poured over a stirred NaHCO₃ aqueous sat. solution at 0° C. The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 6% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E100 (0.242 g, 54%).

Example 112 1′-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine] (E112)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.25 g, 0.907 mmol), 3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine [C.A.S 180160-92-3] (0.25 g, 1.15 mmol) and DIPEA (0.826 ml, 4.602 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 50/50, then DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E112 (0.2 g, 38%).

Example 119 1′-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-spiro[furo[2,3-b]pyridine-3(2H),4′-piperidine] (E119)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.13 g, 0.472 mmol), D60 (0.045 g, 0.239 mmol) and DIPEA (0.075 ml, 0.435 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, additional DIPEA (0.075 ml, 0.435 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, which was then irradiated at 180° C. for 10 min. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and extracted with DCM. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH (NH₃) up to 3%, then, DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E119 (0.036 g, 38%) as a cream solid.

Example 121 1′-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-4-phenyl-4,7-diaza-spiro[2.5]octane (E121)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.096 g, 0.347 mmol), D62 (0.092 g, 0.416 mmol) and DIPEA (0.121 ml, 0.693 mmol) in CH₃CN (0.5 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 40 min. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 60/40 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was crystallized from DIPE to yield final compound E121 (0.056 g, 38%).

Example 123 8-Trifluoromethyl-3-(2′-cyclopropyl)ethyl-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E123)

A mixture of intermediate D64 (0.15 g, 0.518 mmol), phenylpiperidine (0.109 g, 0.673 mmol) and DIPEA (0.316 ml, 1.812 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 95° C. overnight. After cooling, additional phenylpiperidine (0.040 g) was added. The mixture was heated again at 95° C. for 4 h and then at r.t. overnight. The precipitate was collected and washed with CH₃CN and DIPE to yield final compound E123 (0.120 g, 56%) as a white solid.

Example 139 8-Chloro-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-7-(3,3-dimethyl-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E1139

A mixture of intermediate D67 (0.527 g, 1.059 mmol) and copper (II) chloride (0.285 g, 2.118 mmol) in DMF (6.6 ml) was heated at 50° C. for 1 h. After cooling at r.t., the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with NH₄Cl/NH₄OH mixture and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 8% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E139 (0.156 g, 32%).

Example 145 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-methyl-7-(4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E145)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D71 (0.14 mg, 0.632 mmol) in toluene (6 ml) were added phenylpiperidine (0.132 g, 0.821 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (7.15 mg, 0.0316 mmol), tert-BuONa (0.091 g, 0.947 mmol) and BINAP (0.029 g, 0.047 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 24 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was refilled with additional amount of phenylpiperidine (20 mg), palladium(II) acetate (7.15 mg), tert-BuONa (30 mg) and BINAP (30 mg) and heated at 100° C. overnight. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 100/0, then DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 3% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E145 (0.15 g, 69%).

Example 147 1′-[3-cyclopropylmethyl-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-3,3-difluoro-3H-spiro[benzo[c]furan-1,4′-piperidine] (E147)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.159 g, 0.577 mmol), intermediate D74 (0.13 g, 0.577 mmol) and DIPEA (0.298 g, 2.31 mmol) in CH₃CN (3 ml) was heated at 120° C. for 24 h. After cooling, the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM and washed with Na₂CO₃ (10% aqueous solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by HPLC to yield final compound E147 (0.058 g, 21.6%).

Example 148 8-Trifluoromethyl-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-methyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E148)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.150 g, 0.544 mmol), D78 (0.169 g, 0.816 mmol) and DIPEA (0.237 ml, 1.36 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 45 min. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH 95/5 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was treated with DIPE to yield final compound E148 (0.085 g, 37.6%) as a cream solid.

Example 153 8-Trifluoromethyl-3-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E153)

A mixture of intermediate D80 (0.18 g, 0.576 mmol), phenylpiperidine (0.111 g, 0.691 mmol) and DIPEA (0.201 ml, 1.151 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was refilled with additional phenylpiperidine (0.5 eq.) and DIPEA (0.1 ml) and heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 20 min. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E153 (0.11 g, 44%)

Example 171 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-ethyl-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E171)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D81 (0.05 mg, 0.212 mmol) in toluene (3 ml) were added phenylpiperidine (0.044 g, 0.276 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (2.4 mg, 0.0106 mmol), tert-BuONa (0.031 g, 0.318 mmol) and BINAP (9.9 g, 0.016 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 24 h. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH from 100/0 to 92/8 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E171 (0.042 g, 55%) as an off-white solid.

Example 159 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-8-cyclopropyl-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E159)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D82 (0.07 mg, 0.283 mmol) in toluene (3 ml) were added phenylpiperidine (0.059 g, 0.367 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (3.2 mg, 0.014 mmol), tert-BuONa (0.041 g, 0.424 mmol) and BINAP (13.2 g, 0.0212 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 24 h. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH from 100/0 to 95/5 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E159 (0.060 g, 57%) as a white solid.

Example 182 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-((3R)-4-3,5-difluorophenyl-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-(8-trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E182)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.100 g, 0.363 mmol), (R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-methylpiperazine [C.A.S. 845740-74-1] (0.137 g, 0.472 mmol) and DIPEA (0.126 ml, 0.726 mmol) in CH₃CN (1 ml) was heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 40 min. After cooling, the reaction mixture was refilled with (R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-methylpiperazine (1 eq.) and then heated at 180° C. under microwave irradiation for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 60/40 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E182 (0.021 g, 13%). Optical rotation −131.7° (589 nm, c 0.63 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.)

Example 200 1′-[3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine] (E200)

A mixture of intermediate D29 (0.179 g, 0.649 mmol), intermediate D85 (0.168 g, 0.714 mmol) and DIPEA (0.396 ml, 2.272 mmol) in CH₃CN (3 ml) was heated at 195° C. overnight. After cooling, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with CH₃CN. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH from 100/0 to 97/3 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E200 (0.135 g, 61%).

Example 26 8-Chloro-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[4-phenyl-piperidin-1-yl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E26)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D13 (0.2 g, 0.6 mmol) in toluene (9.5 ml) were added phenylpiperidine (0.125 g, 0.78 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (6.8 mg, 0.03 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.391 g, 1.2 mmol) and BINAP (0.028 g, 0.045 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified again by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/MeOH from 100/0 to 80/20 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to yield final compound E26 (0.135 g, 61%).

Example 207 8-Bromo-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E207)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D86 (0.08 g, 0.241 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) was added N-bromosuccinimide (0.051 g, 0.289 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 40 min. The mixture was carefully washed with NaHCO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 73/27 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E207 (0.055 g, 56%).

Example 224 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E224)

To a solution of 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)piperazine [C.A.S. 115761-79-0] (0.088 g, 0.446 mmol) in DCE (2.14 ml) stirred at r.t. was added D88 (0.1 g, 0.371 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. Then, acetic acid (0.037 ml) was added and stirred at r.t. for 4 h more. Then, sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (0.87 g, 0.409 mmol) was added and stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralized with Na₂CO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E224 (0.107 g, 64%).

Example 244 3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[1-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-8-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E244)

A mixture of D92 (0.095 g, 0.216 mmol), phenylpiperidine (0.035 g, 0.216 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.06 g, 0.431 mmol) in CH₃CN (4.9 ml) was heated in a sealed tube at 85° C. for 5 days. After cooling, the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E244 (0.035 g, 32%).

Example 250 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E250)

To a solution of 4-fluoro-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride [C.A.S. 1056382-25-2] (0.096 g, 0.446 mmol) in DCE stirred at r.t. (2.14 ml) was added D88 (0.1 g, 0.371 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. overnight. Then, acetic acid (0.037 ml) was added and stirred at r.t. for 4 h. Then, sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (0.87 g, 0.409 mmol) was added and stirred at r.t. overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralized with Na₂CO₃ (aqueous sat. solution) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E250 (0.029 g, 18%).

Example 298 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E298)

Method A

D90 (0.4 g, 0.9 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of phenylpiperidine (0.174 mg, 1.08 mmol) and DIPEA (0.233 ml, 1.35 mmol) in CH₃CN (10 ml). The resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 4 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 50/50 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E298 (0.272 g, 77%) as a white solid.

Method B

To a mixture of compound D29 (0.120 g, 0.435 mmol), potassium trifluoro[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-borate(1-) (1:1) [C.A.S. 1152617-06-5] (0.367 g, 1.306 mmol) in THF (4 ml) and water (0.4 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere were added 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2′,4′,6′-tri-i-propyl-1,1′-biphenyl X-Phos (12.45 mg, 0.026 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (2.93 mg, 0.013 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.426 g, 1.306 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 days and at r.t. for 2 days. The mixture was washed with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by manifold (Sep-Pak® silica cartridge; DCM/acetone from 100/0 to 90/10 as eluent) followed by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc from 100/0 to 80/20 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E298 (0.065 g, 25%).

Example 214 3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine Hydrochloride Salt (E214)

To a stirred solution of final compound E298 (0.065 g, 0.156 mmol) in MeOH (0.25 ml) and 1,4-dioxane (3.76 ml) was added dropwise HCl (4M in 1,4-dioxane, few drops). The resulting suspension was concentrated in vacuo. The solid residue was triturated with acetone, filtered and dried in vacuo to yield final compound E214 (0.061 g, 82%).

Example 282 8-Chloro-3-cyclopropylmethyl-7-[(4-(2,6-difluorophenyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E282)

D96 (0.1 g, 0.39 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-piperazine (0.96 mg, 0.429 mmol) and DIPEA (0.094 ml, 0.547 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 ml). The resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 4 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 4% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo. The residue thus obtained was triturated with DIPE to yield final compound E282 (0.1 g, 61%) as an off white solid.

Example 206 8-Cyano-3-(4-pyridinyl)-7-[4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E206)

A suspension of D97 (0.234 mg, 0.612 mmol), 4-pyridinyl boronic acid (0.113 g, 0.918 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.035 g, 0.031 mmol) in NaHCO₃, (1.5 ml, aqueous sat. solution) and 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling, the mixture was refilled with additional pyridinyl-4-boronic acid (0.050 g) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.020 g). The mixture was heated at 150° C. under microwave irradiation for 10 min. After cooling to r.t. the mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washed with DCM. The filtrate was collected, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/EtOAc 100/0 to 70/30 as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was triturated with Et₂O to yield final compound E206 (0.055 g, 24%) as a yellow solid.

Example 204 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-7-[1-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-8-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (E204)

To a stirred solution of intermediate D101 (0.148 mg, 0.546 mmol) in toluene (7 ml) were added 1-bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene (0.068 g, 0.6 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (6.2 mg, 0.0273 mmol), tert-BuONa (0.105 g, 1.092 mmol) and BINAP (0.034 g, 0.055 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 85° C. for two days. After cooling, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was washed with water and NaCl (aqueous sat. solution). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; DCM/7M solution of NH₃ in MeOH up to 5% as eluent). The desired fractions were collected and concentrated in vacuo to a residue that was crystallized from Et₂O to yield final compound E204 (0.053 g, 25.4%).

Table 1 below lists compounds of Formula (I), which were prepared according to the above examples.

TABLE 1 Compounds prepared according to Formula (I).

Stereochem./Salt Form/Optical Co. no. Exp. no. R¹ R² - - - -[CH(R)_(m)]_(n)—L Rotation (OR)  1 E1*

- - - -Cl

 2 E2*

- - - -CF₃

 3 E3* - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 4 E4* - - - -(CH₂)₃—CH₃ - - - -CF₃

 5 E5* - - - -CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₃ - - - -Cl

 6 E6*

- - - -Cl

 7 E7*

- - - -Cl

 8 E8* - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 9 E9*

- - - -Cl

 10 E10* - - - -CH₂—CH₃ - - - -CN

 11 E11*

- - - -CN

 12 E12*

- - - -CN

 13 E13

- - - -CN

 14 E14*

- - - -CN

 15 E15

- - - -Cl

 16 E16 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 17 E17

- - - -CF₃

 18 E18

- - - -CF₃

 19 E10 - - - -CH₃ - - - -CN

 20 E2 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 21 E10 - - - -CH₂—CH₃ - - - -CN

 22 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 23 E1 - - - -CH₂—CH₂—CH₃ - - - -CN

 24 E1 - - - -CH₂—O—CH₃ - - - -CN

 25 E10 - - - -CH₂—CH₃ - - - -Cl

 26 E26*; E1

- - - -Cl

 27 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 28 E13 - - - -CH₂CH₂CH₃ - - - -CN

 29 E1

- - - -CN

 30 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 31 E1

- - - -CN

 32 E1

- - - -CN

 33 E1 - - - -CF₂—CH₃ - - - -CN

 34 E1

- - - -CN

 35 E1 - - - -C(CH₃)₃ - - - -CN

 36 E12

- - - -CN

 37 E12

- - - -CN

 38 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CF₃

 39 E1

- - - -Cl

 40 E13

- - - -CN

 41 E2

- - - -Cl

 42 E2

- - - -Cl

 43 E1

- - - -CF₃

 44 E13

- - - -CN

cis  45 E13

- - - -CN

trans  46 E1

- - - -Cl

 47 E1

- - - -Cl

 48 E1

- - - -Cl

 49 E13

- - - -CN

trans  50 E13

- - - -CN

cis  51 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 52 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 53 E1

- - - -Cl

 54 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 55 E13

- - - -Cl

 56 E2 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 57 E1

- - - -CN

 58 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

cis  59 E2 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 60 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

 61 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 62 E1

- - - -CF₃

 63 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 64 E1

- - - -CF₃

 65 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 66 E1 - - - -CH₂—CH₃ - - - -CF₃

 67 E1 - - - -CH₂—CH₂—CH₃ - - - -CF₃

 68 E2

- - - -CF₃

 69 E13

- - - -Cl

 70 E6

- - - -Cl

 71 E1 - - - -CH₂—CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 72 E2

- - - -CF₃

 73 E13 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -CN

trans  74 E1

- - - -CN

 75 E2

- - - -CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)  76 E13

- - - -CF₃

 77 E13

- - - -CF₃

 78 E13

- - - -CF₃

 79 E13

- - - -CF₃

 80 E2

- - - -CF₃

 81 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα)  82 E6

- - - -Cl

 83 E6

- - - -Cl

 84 E6

- - - -Cl

 85 E6

- - - -Cl

 86 E6

- - - -Cl

 87 E1

- - - -CF₃

 88 E6

- - - -Cl

 89 E13

- - - -CF₃

 90 E13

- - - -CF₃

 91 E13

- - - -CF₃

 92 E13

- - - -CF₃

 93 E6

- - - -Cl

 94 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 95 E6

- - - -Cl

 96 E6

- - - -Cl

trans  97 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 98 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

 99 E6

- - - -Cl

100 E100* - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

101 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

102 E6

- - - -Cl

103 E6

- - - -Cl

104 E6

- - - -Cl

105 E6

- - - -Cl

106 E6

- - - -Cl

107 E6

- - - -Cl

108 E6

- - - -Cl

•1HCl •1.5H₂O 109 E13

- - - -CF₃

110 E13

- - - -CF₃

111 E13

- - - -CF₃

112 E112*

- - - -CF₃

113 E13

- - - -CF₃

114 E2 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

115 E6

- - - -Cl

116 E6

- - - -Cl

117 E6

- - - -Cl

118 E13

- - - -CF₃

119 E119*

- - - -CF₃

120 E13

- - - -CN

121 E121*; E13

- - - -CF₃

122 E13

- - - -CF₃

123 E123*

- - - -CF₃

124 E13

- - - -CF₃

125 E6

- - - -Cl

126 E6

- - - -Cl

127 E6

- - - -Cl

128 E13

- - - -CF₃

OR: −131.1° (589 nm, c 0.52 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 129 E13

- - - -CF₃

130 E13

- - - -CF₃

131 E13

- - - -CF₃

OR: −132° (589 nm, c 0.52 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 132 E13

- - - -CF₃

133 E6

- - - -Cl

134 E13

- - - -CF₃

135 E6

- - - -Cl

136 E13

- - - -CF₃

137 E13

- - - -CF₃

138 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

139 E139*, E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ - - - -Cl

140 E6

- - - -Cl

141 E13

- - - -CF₃

142 E13

- - - -CF₃

143 E6

- - - -Cl

144 E145

- - - -Cl

145 E145*

- - - -CH₃

146 E6

- - - -Cl

147 E147*

- - - -CF₃

148 E148*

- - - -CF₃

149 E6

- - - -Cl

150 E13

- - - -CF₃

151 E13

- - - -CF₃

152 E13

- - - -CF₃

S 153 E153*, E13

- - - -CF₃

154 E6

- - - -CH₃

155 E13

- - - -CF₃

156 E6

- - - -Cl

157 E6

- - - -Cl

158 E6

- - - -Cl

159 E159*

160 E6

161 E6

- - - -Cl

162 E13

- - - -CF₃

163 E6

- - - -Cl

164 E6

- - - -Cl

165 E13

- - - -CF₃

166 E13

- - - -CF₃

cis 167 E13

- - - -CF₃

168 E6

- - - -Cl

169 E13

- - - -CF₃

170 E6

- - - -Cl

171 E171*

172 E6

- - - -Cl

173 E6

- - - -Cl

174 E13

- - - -CF₃

175 E13

- - - -CF₃

176 E6

- - - -Cl

177 E13

- - - -CF₃

178 E6

- - - -Cl

179 E6

- - - -Cl

180 E13

- - - -CF₃

S-enantiomer OR: −138.4° (589 nm, c 0.51 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 181 E6

- - - -Cl

S-enantiomer OR: 26.2° (589 nm, c 0.52 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 182 E182*

- - - -CF₃

R-enantiomer OR: −131.7° (589 nm, c 0.63 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 183 E13

- - - -CF₃

184 E6

- - - -Cl

R-enantiomer OR: −28.6° (589 nm, c 0.53 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 185 E13

- - - -CF₃

186 E6

- - - -Cl

cis 187 E6

- - - -CH₃

188 E212

- - - -CF₃

189 E13

- - - -CF₃

190 E6

- - - -Cl

191 E1 - - - -CH₂CF₃ - - - -Cl

S-enantiomer OR: 63.4° (589 nm, c 0.54 w/v %, DMF, 20° C.) 192 E1 - - - -CH₂CF₃ - - - -Cl

R-enantiomer 193 E13

- - - -CF₃

194 E13

- - - -CF₃

195 E13

- - - -CF₃

196 E13

- - - -CF₃

197 E13

- - - -CF₃

198 E13

- - - -CF₃

199 E13

- - - -CF₃

200 E200*

- - - -CF₃

201 E13

- - - -CF₃

202 E13

- - - -CF₃

203 E13

- - - -CF₃

204 E204*

- - - -CH₃

205 E206

- - - -CN

206 E206*

- - - -CN

207 E207*

- - - -Br

208 E6

- - - -Cl

cis-a OR: −93.1° (589 nm, c 0.55 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.) 209 E13

- - - -CF₃

cis-a OR: −226° (589 nM, c 0.59 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.) 210 E6

- - - -Cl

211 E6

- - - -Cl

cis-b OR: 112.5° (589 nm, c 0.59 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.) 212 E13

- - - -CF₃

cis-b OR: 229° (589 nm, c 0.58 w/v %, MeOH, 20° C.) 213 E6

- - - -Cl

214 E214*; E298 6-A

- - - -CF₃

•1.8HCl 215 E6

- - - -Cl

216 E13

- - - -CF₃

217 E6

- - - -CF₃

•1HCl 218 E6

- - - -Cl

219 E232

- - - -CF₃

220 E232

- - - -CF₃

221 E224

- - - -CF₃

222 E6

- - - -Cl

223 E6

- - - -Cl

cis 224 E224*

- - - -CF₃

225 E224

- - - -Cl

226 E224

- - - -Cl

227 E13

- - - -CF₃

228 E6

- - - -Cl

229 E224

- - - -Cl

230 E224

- - - -CF₃

231 E13

- - - -CF₃

232 E224

- - - -CF₃

233 E13

- - - -CF₃

234 E224

- - - -CF₃

235 E224

- - - -Cl

236 E13

- - - -CF₃

237 E224

- - - -Cl

238 E13

- - - -CF₃

239 E224

- - - -Cl

240 E224

- - - -Cl

241 E224

- - - -Cl

242 E6

- - - -Cl

243 E224

- - - -CF₃

244 E244*

- - - -CF₃

245 E224

- - - -CF₃

246 E224

- - - -CF₃

247 E224

- - - -CF₃

248 E224

- - - -CF₃

249 E224

- - - -CF₃

250 E250*

- - - -CF₃

251 E298- A

- - - -CF₃

252 E224

- - - -CF₃

253 E224

- - - -CF₃

254 E224

- - - -CF₃

255 E224

- - - -Cl

256 E224

- - - -Cl

257 E224

- - - -Cl

258 E224

- - - -Cl

259 E224

- - - -Cl

260 E198-A

- - - -CF₃

261 E224

- - - -Cl

262 E224

- - - -CF₃

263 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

264 E224

- - - -Cl

265 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

266 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 267 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

268 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

269 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

270 E282

- - - -Cl

271 E281

- - - -Cl

272 E282

- - - -Cl

273 E282

- - - -Cl

274 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

275 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

276 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

277 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

278 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

279 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

280 E6

- - - -Cl

281 E282

- - - -Cl

282 E282*

- - - -Cl

283 E282

- - - -Cl

284 E282

- - - -Cl

285 E282

- - - -Cl

286 E282

- - - -Cl

287 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

288 E282

- - - -Cl

289 E282

- - - -Cl

290 E282

- - - -Cl

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 291 E1 - - - -CH₂CF₃ - - - -Cl

292 E224

—Cl

293 E6

—Cl

294 E224

—Cl

295 E250

—Cl

296 E298-A

—CF₃

297 E297*

—CF₃

•1.1HCl 298 E298*

—CF₃

299 E282

—Cl

300 E282

—Cl

301 E298-A

—CF₃

302 E282

—Cl

303 E282

—Cl

304 E6

—Cl

305 E13

—CF₃

306 E13

—CF₃

307 E224

—Cl

308 E13

—CF₃

309 E6

—Cl

310 E6

—Cl

311 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ —Cl

312 E1 - - - -CH₂—CF₃ —Cl

313 E282

—Cl

314 E282

—Cl

315 E298-A

—CF₃

316 E250

- - - -CH₃

317 E250

- - - -CH₃

318 E250

- - - -CH₃

319 E250

—CF₃

320 E250

—CF₃

321 E250

—CF₃

322 E250

—CF₃

323 E250

—CF₃

324 E250

—CF₃

325 E250

—CF₃

326 E250

—CF₃

327 E250

—CF₃

328 E250

—CF₃

329 E250

—CF₃

330 E250

—CF₃

331 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

332 E298-A

- - - -CF₃

333 E6

- - - -Cl

334 E250

—CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 335 E250

—CH₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 336 E250

—CF₃

337 E250

—CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 338 E250

—CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 339 E250

—CF₃

•HCl 340 E250

—CF₃

•HCl 341 E250

—CF₃

342 E250

—CF₃

343

—CF₃

•HCl 344 E250

—CF₃

345 E250

—CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 346 E250

—CF₃

347 E250

—CF₃

348 E250

—CH₃

349 E250

—CF₃

350 E250

—CF₃

rac-(2aα,3α,3aα) 351 E250

—CF₃

352 E250

—CF₃

353 E250

—CF₃

354 E250

—CF₃

355 E250

—CF₃

356 E250

—CF₃

357 E250

—Cl

358 E207

—Br

359 E250

—CF₃

360 E250

—CF₃

361 E250

—CF₃

362 E250

—CF₃

363 E250

—Cl

364 E250

—Cl

365 E250

—CF₃

366 E250

—CF₃

367 E250

—CF₃

368 E250

—Cl

*means exemplified compounds in the experimental section. Whenever cis- or trans-stereochemistry is indicated, it denotes, that it is, where applicable, a mixture of all possible cis- or trans-stereoisomers forms, in particular, a racemic mixture, unless otherwise indicated. When the mixture was seperated, the different forms are denoted, for example, cis-a and cis-b.

C. Analytical Part

Melting Points

Values are peak values, and are obtained with experimental uncertainties that are commonly associated with this analytical method. For a number of compounds, melting points were determined in open capillary tubes either on a Mettler FP62 or on a Mettler FP81HT-FP90 apparatus. Melting points were measured with a temperature gradient of 10° C./min. Maximum temperature was 300° C. The melting point was read from a digital display.

Optical Rotation

Values were measured on a Perkin-Elmer 341 polarimeter with a sodium lamp and reported as follows: [a]₁ ^(t° C.) (c g/100 ml, solvent).

LCMS

For LCMS characterization of the compounds of the present invention, the following methods were used.

General Procedure A (for Waters MS Instruments)

The HPLC measurement was performed using an HP 1100 (Agilent Technologies) system comprising a pump (quaternary or binary) with degasser, an autosampler, a column oven, a DAD and a column as specified in the respective methods below. Flow from the column was split to the MS spectrometer. The MS detector was configured with either an ES ionization source or an ESCI dual ionization source (ES combined with atmospheric pressure CI). Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. The source temperature was maintained at 140° C. Data acquisition was performed with MassLynx-Openlynx software.

General Procedure B (for Agilent MS Instrument (MSD))

The HPLC measurement was performed using an HP 1100 (Agilent Technologies) system comprising a binary pump with degasser, an autosampler, a column oven, a DAD and a column as specified in the respective methods below. Flow from the column was split to a MS spectrometer. The MS detector was configured with an ESCI dual ionization source (ES combined with atmospheric pressure CI). Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. The source temperature was maintained at 100° C. Data acquisition was performed with Chemsation-Agilent Data Browser software.

General Procedure C (for Waters MS Instruments (Acquity SOD))

The UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) measurement was performed using an Acquity UPLC (Waters) system comprising a sampler organizer, a binary pump with degasser, a four column's oven, a DAD and a column as specified in the respective methods below. Column flow was used without split to the MS detector. The MS detector was configured with an ESCI dual ionization source (ES combined with atmospheric pressure CI). Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. The source temperature was maintained at 140° C. Data acquisition was performed with MassLynx-Openlynx software.

Method 1

In addition to the general procedure B: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an XDB-C18 cartridge (1.8 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Agilent, at 60° C. with a flow rate of 1 ml/min, at 60° C. The gradient conditions used are: 90% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution), 5% B (CH₃CN), 5% C (MeOH) to 50% B and 50% C in 6.5 min, to 100% B at 7 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.5 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. HRMS (TOF detector) were acquired only in positive ionization mode by scanning from 100 to 750 in 0.5 s using a dwell time of 0.1 s. The capillary needle voltage was 2.5 kV and the cone voltage was 20 V. Leucine-Enkephaline was the standard substance used for the lock mass calibration.

Method 2

In addition to the general procedure A: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a Sunfire-C18 column (2.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% of CH₃CN), 2.5% B (CH₃CN), 2.5% C (MeOH) to 50% B, 50% C in 6.5 min, kept till 7.0 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. HRMS (TOF detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 750 in 0.5 s using a dwell time of 0.3 s. The capillary needle voltage was 2.5 kV for positive ionization mode and 2.9 kV for negative ionization mode. The cone voltage was 20 V for both positive and negative ionization modes. Leucine-Enkephaline was the standard substance used for the lock mass calibration.

Method 3

In addition to the general procedure A: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a Sunfire-C18 column (2.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% of CH₃CN), 5% B (CH₃CN) to 100% B in 6.5 min, kept till 7.0 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. HRMS (TOF detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 750 in 0.5 s using a dwell time of 0.3 s. The capillary needle voltage was 2.5 kV for positive ionization mode and 2.9 kV for negative ionization mode. The cone voltage was 20 V for both positive and negative ionization modes. Leucine-Enkephaline was the standard substance used for the lock mass calibration.

Method 4

In addition to the general procedure A: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a Sunfire-C18 column (2.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 100% B in 5.0 min, kept till 5.15 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 5.30 min until 7.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired in positive ionization mode by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 s. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V and 50 V for positive ionization mode and 30V for negative ionization mode.

Method 5

In addition to the general procedure A: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a Sunfire-C18 column (2.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 100% B at 6.5 min, kept till 7.0 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 s. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 6

In addition to the general procedure A: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a XBridge-C18 column (2.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 100% B in 6.5 min, kept till 7.0 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 7

In addition to the general procedure B: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Eclipse Plus-C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Agilent, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 100% B in 5.0 min, kept till 5.15 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 5.30 min until 7.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 second using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 8

In addition to the general procedure B: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Eclipse Plus-C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Agilent, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 100% B at 6.5 min, kept till 7.0 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 2 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 s. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 9

In addition to the general procedure B: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Eclipse Plus-C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1×30 mm) from Agilent, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (CH₃CN), to 100% B at 6.5 minutes, kept till 7.0 minutes and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.3 minutes until 9.0 minutes. Injection volume 2 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 10

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 20% A, 80% B in 6.3 min, to 100% B in 6.85 min, kept till 7.50 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 7.75 min until 9.0 min. Injection volume 0.5 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 11

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, at 60° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l NH₄Ac solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (mixture of CH₃CN/MeOH, 1/1), to 20% A, 80% B in 4.9 min, to 100% B in 5.3 min, kept till 5.8 min and equilibrated to initial conditions at 6.0 min until 7.0 min. Injection volume 0.5 μl. LRMS (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 s using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 20 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 12

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 50° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% CH₃CN), 5% B (CH₃CN), to 40% A, 60% B in 4.4 minutes, to 5% A, 95% B in 5.6 minutes, kept till 5.8 minutes and equilibrated to initial conditions at 6.0 minutes until 7.0 minutes. Injection volume 0.5 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 25 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 13

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 50° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% acetonitrile), 5% B (acetonitrile), to 40% A, 60% B in 2.8 minutes, to 5% A, 95% B in 3.6 minutes, kept till 3.8 minutes and equilibrated to initial conditions at 4.0 minutes until 5.0 minutes. Injection volume 0.5 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 25 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 14

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 50° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% acetonitrile), 5% B (acetonitrile), to 40% A, 60% B in 6.0 minutes, to 5% A, 95% B in 7.6 minutes, kept till 7.80 minutes and equilibrated to initial conditions at 8.0 minutes until 9.0 minutes. Injection volume 0.5 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 25 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 15

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 50° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% acetonitrile), 5% B (acetonitrile), to 40% A, 60% B in 3.8 minutes, to 5% A, 95% B in 4.6 minutes, kept till 5.0 minutes. Injection volume 2 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 25 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 16

In addition to the general procedure C: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a BEH-C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm) from Waters, with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, at 50° C. without split to the MS detector. The gradient conditions used are: 95% A (0.5 g/l ammonium acetate solution+5% acetonitrile), 5% B (acetonitrile), to 40% A, 60% B in 7.0 minutes, to 5% A, 95% B in 8.6 minutes, kept till 9.0 minutes. Injection volume 2 μl. Low-resolution mass spectra (single quadrupole, SQD detector) were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.1 seconds using an inter-channel delay of 0.08 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV. The cone voltage was 25 V for positive ionization mode and 30 V for negative ionization mode.

General Procedure D

The HPLC measurement was performed using an Alliance HT 2790 (Waters) system comprising a quaternary pump with degasser, an autosampler, a column oven (set at 40° C., unless otherwise indicated), a DAD and a column as specified in the respective methods below. Flow from the column was split to a MS spectrometer. The MS detector was configured with an ES ionization source. Mass spectra were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 1 second using a dwell time of 0.1 second. The capillary needle voltage was 3 kV and the source temperature was maintained at 140° C. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. Data acquisition was performed with a Waters-Micromass MassLynx-Openlynx data system.

Method 17

In addition to the general procedure D: Column heater was set at 45° C. Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Atlantis C18 column (3.5 m, 4.6×100 mm) with a flow rate of 1.6 ml/min. Two mobile phases (mobile phase A: 70% MeOH+30% H₂O; mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in H₂O/MeOH 95/5) were employed to run a gradient condition from 100% B to 5% B+95% A in 9 min and hold these conditions for 3 min. An injection volume of 10 μl was used. Cone voltage was 10 V for positive ionization mode and 20 V for negative ionization mode.

Method 18

In addition to the general procedure D: Reversed phase HPLC was carried out on an Xterra MS C18 column (3.5 m, 4.6×100 mm) with a flow rate of 1.6 ml/min. Three mobile phases (mobile phase A: 95% 25 mM ammoniumacetate+5% acetonitrile; mobile phase B: acetonitrile; mobile phase C: methanol) were employed to run a gradient condition from 100% A to 1% A, 49% B and 50% C in 6.5 minutes, to 1% A and 99% B in 1 minute and hold these conditions for 1 minute and reequilibrate with 100% A for 1.5 minutes. An injection volume of 10 μl was used. Cone voltage was 10 V for positive ionization mode and 20 V for negative ionization mode.

General Procedure E

The LC measurement was performed using an Acquity UPLC (Waters) system comprising a binary pump, a sample organizer, a column heater (set at 55° C.), a DAD and a column as specified in the respective methods below. Flow from the column was split to a MS spectrometer. The MS detector was configured with an ES ionization source. MS were acquired by scanning from 100 to 1000 in 0.18 s using a dwell time of 0.02 s. The capillary needle voltage was 3.5 kV and the source temperature was maintained at 140° C. Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas. Data acquisition was performed with a Waters-Micromass MassLynx-Openlynx data system.

Method 19

In addition to the general procedure E: Reversed phase UPLC was carried out on a bridged ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid (BEH) C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1×50 mm; Waters Acquity) with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Two mobile phases (mobile phase A: 0.1% formic acid in H₂O/MeOH 95/5; mobile phase B: MeOH) were used to run a gradient condition from 95% A and 5% B to 5% A and 95% B in 1.3 min and hold for 0.2 min. An injection volume of 0.5 μl was used.

Cone voltage was 10 V for positive ionization mode and 20 V for negative ionization mode.

The results of the analytical measurements are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Physico-chemical data for some compounds, retention time (R_(t)) in min, [M + H]⁺ peak (protonated molecule), LCMS method and mp (melting point in ° C.). Co. mp R_(t) LCMS No. (° C.) [MH⁺] (min) Method 1 181.8 381 4.43 6 2 n.d. 419 8.48 17 3 >300 413 8.27 17 4 n.d. 403 3.96 11 5 n.d. 371 4.27 2 6 194.5 395 4.27 5 7 n.d. 425 4.12 2 8 >300 423 3.53 3 9 n.d. 369 4.00 3 10 n.d. 332 3.46 2 11 300 403 3.71 5 12 n.d. 477 4.21 11 13 n.d. 358 3.88 1 14 n.d. 358 3.94 1 15 276.7 435 2.43 12 16 269.1 423 3.03 12 17 >300 429 3.17 12 18 153.7 437 3.92 9 19 n.d. 318 3.21 1 20 300 386 3.82 1 21 n.d. 380 3.85 2 22 228.6 395 4.64 2 23 n.d. 394 4.14 2 24 n.d. 348 3.62 2 25 227.7 341 4.34 2 26 194.1 367 3.69 11 27 n.d. 434 4.19 2 28 >300 346 3.03 11 29 >300 344 2.87 11 30 186.1 409 3.79 11 31 237.5 412 3.32 11 32 n.d. 424 4.27 6 33 n.d. 368 3.90 6 34 n.d. 372 4.40 2 35 >300 360 3.18 11 36 n.d. 387 4.09 5 37 n.d. 469 4.88 5 38 203.3 429 3.74 11 39 >300 435 4.05 11 40 n.d. 376 2.99 11 41 176.5 403 3.83 11 42 n.d. 385 8.08 17 43 n.d. 401 4.78 5 44 219 433 3.32 11 45 n.d. 433 3.13 11 46 >300 415 4.03 4 47 n.d. 368 2.66 11 48 n.d. 398 3.58 11 49 231.1 395 1.55 11 50 236.1 395 1.93 11 51 n.d. 434 3.98 2 52 249.3 505 3.96 4 53 n.d. 401 4.10 9 54 n.d. 404 2.96 11 55 n.d. 415 4.72 2 56 230.7 396 3.51 5 57 n.d. 406 3.48 7 58 >300 461 3.48 7 59 n.d. 426 3.60 7 60 n.d. 469 3.60 7 61 259 443 3.87 7 62 n.d. 486 3.63 7 63 232.2 398 3.15 8 64 n.d. 404 3.38 8 65 n.d. 443 3.70 11 66 n.d. 375 4.40 2 67 n.d. 389 4.65 2 68 n.d. 432 3.65 11 69 n.d. 401 3.04 11 70 n.d. 493 4.12 11 71 230.7 409 3.95 3 72 n.d. 430 3.80 11 73 n.d. 461 3.36 7 74 n.d. 360 3.5 3 75 >300 399 3.28 12 76 >300 402 3.03 12 77 n.d. 429 3.15 12 78 231.1 402 1.7 13 79 207.9 445 3.33 12 80 131 449 3.98 9 81 >300 393 3.61 9 82 n.d. 401 3.3 12 83 n.d. 419 3.34 12 84 n.d. 437 3.4 12 85 n.d. 437 3.51 12 86 n.d. 437 3.37 12 87 >300 417 3.13 12 88 255.7 383 2.89 12 89 231.7 403 2.85 12 90 n.d. 434 2.46 12 91 n.d. 432 2.69 12 92 n.d. 433 2.45 12 93 235.8 383 4.26 2 94 n.d. 439 3.16 12 95 247.2 392 2.96 12 96 144.4 422 2.83 12 97 >300 432 3.1 12 98 269.1 423 3.03 12 99 >300 368 2.79 12 100 260.2 424 3.36 12 101 249.5 396 2.84 12 102 252.4 369 2.6 12 103 >300 400 3.18 12 104 235.4 423 8.5 17 105 >300 396 3.29 12 106 209.43 401 1.41 19 107 229.43 411 6.13 18 108 n.d. 413 1.42 19 109 n.d. 447 1.43 19 110 239.9 435 1.43 19 111 n.d. 433 2.23 12 112 207.7 457 8.47 17 113 208.72 445 8.38 17 114 175.7 412 2.67 12 115 183.8 457 3.4 12 116 232.1 453 3.49 12 117 250.4 453 3.48 12 118 >300 373 4.2 2 119 n.d. 430 2.11 12 120 232.1 426 2.98 12 121 218.4 428 3.36 12 122 145.7 419 3.62 12 123 300 415 4.99 2 124 n.d. 418 4.19 2 125 n.d. 396 3.29 2 126 188.3 400 3.09 2 127 128.3 403 4.7 2 128 172.5 416 3.16 12 129 202.1 432 3.12 12 130 >300 359 2.66 12 131 234 416 3.22 12 132 144.3 422 4.09 2 133 >300 381 3.48 12 134 164.2 436 3.23 12 135 125.7 385 3.48 12 136 221.4 405 3.41 12 137 n.d. 373 2.92 12 138 n.d. 424 1.73 12 139 n.d. 451 2.54 13 140 n.d. 399 4.36 14 141 195.56 423 1.31 19 142 n.d. 453 6.05 18 143 223.95 419 8.39 17 144 100.7 453 3.55 12 145 >300 347 3.45 12 146 >300 381 3.56 12 147 n.d. 465 8.44 17 148 >300 416 2.72 12 149 229.27 409 7.24 17 150 n.d. 436 2.97 12 151 127.4 415 3.59 12 152 166.7 403 2.85 12 153 >300 438 3.22 12 154 >300 403 3.58 12 155 137.6 420 3.13 12 156 >300 389 2.27 12 157 162.6 408 2.99 12 158 178.9 466 2.62 12 159 >300 373 3.81 12 160 >300 429 4.01 12 161 >300 396 2.24 12 162 112.3 450 3.5 12 163 >300 450 3.41 12 164 n.d. 424 3.17 12 165 185.5 432 2.18 12 166 137.5 464 2.39 13 167 n.d. 418 2.15 12 168 166.2 381 4.52 14 169 182.3 415 3.64 12 170 160.8 384 1.46 13 171 >300 361 2.66 13 172 144 398 2 12 173 268.8 353 2.11 13 174 178.3 387 2.18 13 175 180.4 416 2.16 13 176 164.1 400 2.19 13 177 235.5 417 2.69 13 178 238.8 382 2.03 13 179 147.5 418 2.16 13 180 84.2 452 2.51 13 181 281.2 418 2.4 13 182 147.5 452 2.5 13 183 >300 434 2.3 13 184 269.7 418 2.41 13 185 >300 415 2.63 13 186 >300 430 2.31 13 187 193.3 415 2.46 13 188 n.d. 478 2.59 13 189 >300 406 2.03 13 190 >300 372 1.93 13 191 218.2 446 2.48 13 192 n.d. 446 2.48 13 193 160.2 433 2.64 13 194 148.4 433 2.59 13 195 >300 437 2.55 13 196 >300 438 2.32 13 197 137.4 433 2.58 13 198 201.9 402 1.58 13 199 199 416 1.68 13 200 >300 475 2.69 13 201 >300 478 2.64 13 202 >300 492 2.85 13 203 >300 452 2.37 13 204 283.5 383 2.4 13 205 n.d. 380 2.16 13 206 n.d. 381 2.24 13 207 281.5 411 2.4 13 208 187.5 381 9.18 17 209 182.5 415 9.01 17 210 184.5 444 3.59 12 211 186.7 381 1.35 19 212 181 415 9.02 17 213 >300 458 2.08 13 214 255.4 415 2.75 13 215 n.d. 418 2.01 13 216 n.d. 430 2.11 13 217 n.d. 430 2.11 13 218 n.d. 450 2.37 13 219 128 483 2.75 13 220 191.4 471 2.79 13 221 170.5 447 2.84 13 222 n.d. 396 1.91 13 223 188.4 442 2.26 13 224 141.5 452 3.16 15 225 188 449 3.14 15 226 124.3 413 3.13 15 227 n.d. 452 2.72 15 228 189 396 2.02 15 229 >300 388 2.02 15 230 n.d. 430 1.77 15 231 147.8 492 2.7 15 232 241.9 492 3.28 15 233 n.d. 466 9.38 17 234 153.4 451 3.58 15 235 201.3 417 3.16 15 236 n.d. 438 1.11 19 237 258.7 437 3.07 15 238 >300 444 2.26 15 239 163.7 440 3.35 15 240 259.3 418 2.76 15 241 203.9 373 2.54 15 242 206.3 410 2.07 15 243 >300 474 3.66 15 244 142.3 429 3.61 15 245 259.7 445 3.47 15 246 186.2 446 2.86 15 247 n.d. 474 5.4 16 248 181.4 447 3.63 15 249 94.5 447 3.57 15 250 179.2 433 3.26 15 251 150..4 417 2.39 15 252 >300 418 2.23 15 253 167.2 427 3.23 15 254 209 432 2.8 15 255 182.1 395 3.17 15 256 288.1 384 1.81 15 257 120.4 413 3.15 15 258 251.8 393 2.86 15 259 216 420 3.06 15 260 >300 439 3.56 15 261 129.4 413 3.2 15 262 199.2 454 3.43 15 263 174.4 464 2.93 15 264 157.6 412 2.45 15 265 175.5 478 3.55 15 266 >300 413 3.5 15 267 197.1 446 2.93 15 268 143.1 445 3.16 15 269 182.7 452 3.32 15 270 275.1 412 2.5 15 271 175.51 405 3.13 15 272 169.7 430 2.55 15 273 155.7 444 3.18 15 274 151 433 3.49 15 275 157.7 477 3.72 15 276 143.2 416 2.36 15 277 162 463 3.54 15 278 186.2 451 3.55 15 279 126 481 3.32 15 280 161 468 3.16 15 281 179.4 399 3.06 15 282 180.4 418 2.94 15 283 185.1 443 3.3 15 284 147.6 447 2.89 15 285 153.3 411 2.71 15 286 190.7 383 1.45 15 287 n.d. 449 3.76 15 288 175 382 1.88 15 289 295.7 429 3.1 15 290 174.6 379 3.2 15 291 144.6 441 3.18 15 292 176.6 398 2.31 15 293 n.d. 413 3.7 12 294 150.4 411 2.99 15 295 182.1 417 2.64 15 296 174.4 464 2.93 15 297 n.d. 401 3.48 12 298 144.6 415 3.46 15 299 132.1 440 2.95 15 300 199 417 3.14 15 301 n.d. 464 3.19 15 302 n.d. 430 2.8 15 303 189.2 415 3.32 15 304 165 518 3.51 15 305 n.d. 502 3.32 15 306 n.d. 427 3.65 15 307 154.5 399 0.87 19 308 229.2 416 1.83 12 309 177.2 439 3.36 12 310 255.1 423 3.38 12 311 119.9 441 3.24 15 312 122.8 441 3.18 15 313 150.9 433 2.89 15 314 261.3 383 1.98 15 315 n.d. 467 3.28 15 316 166.8 361 2.77 15 317 126.4 398 2.71 15 318 154.4 397 3.02 15 319 138.4 389 3.15 15 320 185.3 426 2.85 15 321 172.4 425 3.3 15 322 152.9 403 3.4 15 323 145.9 440 3.09 15 324 152.2 439 3.52 15 325 133.7 417 3.66 15 326 145.8 454 3.36 15 327 147.1 453 3.77 15 328 n.d. 417 4.38 7 329 142 454 4.15 7 330 131 453 4.46 7 331 n.d. 417 1.9 15 332 n.d. 463 3.53 15 333 256.4 414 2.6 15 334 >300 387 3.22 15 335 >300 359 3.14 15 336 155.6 407 3.15 15 337 209.5 401 3.45 15 338 146 415 3.7 15 339 n.d. 455 3.54 15 340 162.9 456 3.09 15 341 n.d. 491 3.88 15 342 161.9 452 3.17 15 343 >300 419 3.41 15 344 139.8 435 4.32 2 345 138.6 415 4.49 2 346 150.2 421 3.19 15 347 n.d. 435 4.36 2 348 n.d. 379 3.56 15 349 n.d. 437 4.14 2 350 123.8 417 3.43 15 351 >300 452 3.27 15 352 210.8 452 3.19 15 353 156.3 452 3.15 15 354 205.5 480 3.71 15 355 n.d. 468 4.39 1 356 n.d. 468 4.39 1 357 151.2 450 4.07 7 359 130 453 2.92 15 360 140.8 435 2.62 15 361 131.8 451 3.04 15 362 126 481 3.32 15 363 183.5 419 4.19 8 364 172.4 401 2.2 15 365 142.6 466 3.36 15 366 161.6 468 4.31 7 367 177.6 466 4.25 7 368 182.1 417 2.64 15 (nd = not determined). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

For a number of compounds, ¹H NMR spectra were recorded either on a Bruker 360, on a Bruker DPX-400 or on a Bruker AV-500 spectrometer with standard pulse sequences, operating at 360 MHz, 400 MHz and 500 MHz, respectively. Chemical shifts (6) are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS), which was used as internal standard.

Co. No. 1: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.30-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.59-0.67 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H), 1.79 (qd, J=12.1, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 1.86 (br d, J=10.7 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (td, J=11.6, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (tt, J=11.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (br d, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.08 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (s, 2H), 7.18 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 2: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.70 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.22 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.36 (td, J=13.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.33-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.55 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.98 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 3: ¹H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 2.11-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.30 (td, J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (td, J=13.3, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (td, J=12.2, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.53-3.64 (m, 2H), 4.04 (q, J=9.9 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.91 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 4: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.97 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.42-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.87-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.08 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.61 (br d, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 5: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.93-2.07 (m, 4H), 2.65-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.96-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.54 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (br d, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.38 (m, 2H), 8.10 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 6: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.31-0.36 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.21 (m, 1H), 1.90 (br d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (td, J=13.0, 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (td, J=12.1, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.48-3.57 (m, 2H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 6.81 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 7: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.21 (m, 1H), 1.72 (s, 6H), 1.91 (br d, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.98-3.08 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d, J=6.94 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (br d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 3.80-3.91 (m, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J=7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 8: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.91 (br d, J=12.3 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (td, J=13.0, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (td, J=12.1, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.65 (m, 2H), 4.03 (q, J=9.7 Hz, 2H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 9: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.00 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 6H), 1.73-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.96 (br d, J=10.6 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.21 (m, 1H), 2.87 (tt, J=12.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.22-3.32 (m, 2H), 4.04 (br d, J=12.5 Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.39 (m, 5H), 8.68 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 10: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.31 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.77 (qd, J=12.6, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (br d, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.95 (m, 1H), 3.00 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.34-3.42 (m, 2H), 4.32 (br d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.37 (m, 4H), 8.34 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 11: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.84-1.99 (m, 2H), 2.08 (dd, J=12.4, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.86 (tt, J=12.1, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (td, J=12.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 3.63-3.72 (m, 4H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 4.33 (br d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.37 (m, 2H), 8.28 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 12: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.52-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.86 (m, 4H), 1.96 (br d, J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.98 (m, 3H), 3.33-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 4.34 (br d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.37 (m, 6H), 8.45 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 13: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.69 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.18 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.07 (br d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (tt, J=12.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (td, J=12.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 4.31 (br d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.85 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 14: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.84-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.06 (dd, J=13.1, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.46-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.84 (tt, J=12.1, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (td, J=12.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 3.72-3.82 (m, 1H), 4.30 (br d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.67 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 15: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.24-0.34 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.64 (m, 2H), 1.07-1.19 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.64 (d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (t, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (br. d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 6.57 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.49-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.76 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 16: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.93 (br d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.26 (m, 2H), 3.02 (td, J=12.1, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 3.61-3.70 (m, 2H), 4.04 (q, J=9.9 Hz, 2H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (td, J=7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (td, J=7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J=7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 17: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.69 (m, 2H), 1.09-1.22 (m, 1H), 1.89 (br d, J=13.6 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (td, J=12.5, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.12 (br t, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (br d, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 6.77 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (td, J=7.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 18: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.19 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H), 2.08-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.36 (td, J=13.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.70 (spt, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.47 (m, 4H), 8.26 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 43: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.28-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.57-0.72 (m, 2H), 1.06-1.22 (m, 1H), 1.78-2.11 (m, 4H), 2.72 (tt, J=11.5, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (td, J=12.1, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br. d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.34 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 297: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.25-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.45-0.70 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.76 (qd, J=12.5, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 1.93 (br. d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (tt, J=11.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (br. t, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (br. s., 1H), 3.89 (br. d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 100: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 1.11 (s, 6H), 3.18 (s, 2H), 3.22-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.47 (q, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 7.06-7.24 (m, 4H), 7.30 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 112: ¹H NMR (360 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.14-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.67 (br. d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (td, J=12.3, 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.39-3.54 (m, 4H), 7.05 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.44 (m, 4H), 8.48 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 119: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.26-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.51-0.70 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.93 (br. d, J=13.4 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.23 (m, 2H), 3.06 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (t, J=11.3 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (br. d, J=12.9 Hz, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=7.2, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J=7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=5.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 121: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.24-0.38 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.95 (s, 4H), 1.05-1.21 (m, 1H), 3.03 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (br. s., 2H), 3.86 (t, J=4.6 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.91 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 123: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.03-0.15 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.52 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.86 (m, 1H), 1.77 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (qd, J=12.7, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 1.94-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.72 (tt, J=11.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (ddd, J=12.1, 11.6, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (br. d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 139: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.55 (s, 6H), 1.72-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.22 (td, J=12.9, 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (td, J=12.4, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52-3.61 (m, 2H), 4.02 (q, J=9.7 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 145: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.26-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.49-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.24 (m, 1H), 1.86-2.09 (m, 4H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.61-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.99 (m, 2H), 3.05 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.23-3.40 (m, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 147: ¹H NMR (360 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.14-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.78 (br. d, J=13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (td, J=13.5, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (br. t, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.48-3.58 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.64-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.78 (m, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 148: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.23-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.53-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.18 (m, 1H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.91 (ddd, J=13.2, 9.3, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.41-2.55 (m, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (ddd, J=12.1, 9.2, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 3.33-3.45 (m, 2H), 6.69 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (ddd, J=7.5, 4.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (td, J=7.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (dd, J=4.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 153: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.89 (qd, J=12.7, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 1.92-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.70 (tt, J=11.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (br. t, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (br. d, J=12.7 Hz, 2H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 6.69 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J=6.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (td, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 171: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.24-0.44 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.68 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 1H), 1.43 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.84-2.08 (m, 4H), 2.57-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.83-2.99 (m, 2H), 3.04 (br. d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 159: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.22-0.38 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.03-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.24 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.04 (m, 4H), 2.34 (tt, J=8.7, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.99 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (br. d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 182: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.26-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.71 (m, 2H), 1.07-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.22 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H), 3.06 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.15-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.47 (dd, J=11.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.49-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.97-4.08 (m, 1H), 6.29 (tt, J=8.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.32-6.44 (m, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 200: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.55-0.67 (m, 2H), 1.09-1.19 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 6H), 1.77 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (td, J=12.9, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (br. d, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (td, J=8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 204: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.25-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.66 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H), 1.84 (br d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (qd, J=12.5, 3.8 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.84 (br t, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (tt, J=12.1, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (br d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 6.79-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93-7.03 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 206: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 1.86-2.04 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H), 2.87 (tt, J=12.1, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (td, J=12.7, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 4.26-4.41 (m, 2H), 6.72 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 2H), 8.10-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.72-8.79 (m, 2H).

Co. No. 207: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.23-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.67 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.22 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.11 (m, 4H), 2.64-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.99 (td, J=11.3, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (br. d, J=11.8 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.89 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 224: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.70 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.24 (m, 1H), 2.69 (br. t, J=4.6 Hz, 4H), 3.07 (br. t, J=4.0 Hz, 4H), 3.10 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 6.72-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.86-6.95 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 244: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.25-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.58-0.71 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.24 (m, 1H), 1.36 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.54-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.02 (m, 1H), 2.07 (br t, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.18 (td, J=11.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (tt, J=12.1, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 2.59-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.96 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 250: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.31-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.59-0.69 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.24 (m, 1H), 2.02 (br t, J=11.7 Hz, 2H), 2.05-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.17 (td, J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (br t, J=11.0 Hz, 2H), 2.71-2.81 (m, 2H), 3.11 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.46 (m, 4H), 7.39 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 282: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 0.27-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.56-0.69 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.25 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.72 (m, 4H), 3.09 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (br. s., 4H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 6.75-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.99 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H).

Co. No. 298: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 0.27-0.40 (m, 1H), 0.45-0.62 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.94 (br. d, J=13.3 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.34 (m, 2H), 2.81-2.95 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.16-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.54 (br. d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 4.61 (br. s., 2H), 7.17-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.34 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.93 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 11.22 (br. s., 1H).

D. Pharmacological Examples

The compounds provided in the present invention are positive allosteric modulators of mGluR2. These compounds appear to potentiate glutamate responses by binding to an allosteric site other than the glutamate binding site. The response of mGluR2 to a concentration of glutamate is increased when compounds of Formula (I) are present. Compounds of Formula (I) are expected to have their effect substantially at mGluR2 by virtue of their ability to enhance the function of the receptor. The behaviour of positive allosteric modulators tested at mGluR2 using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay method described below and which is suitable for the identification of such compounds, and more particularly the compounds according to Formula (I), is shown in Table 3.

[³⁵S]GTPγS Binding Assay

The [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay is a functional membrane-based assay used to study G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) function whereby incorporation of a non-hydrolysable form of GTP, [³⁵S]GTPγS (guanosine 5′-triphosphate, labelled with gamma-emitting ³⁵S), is measured. The G-protein α subunit catalyzes the exchange of guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP) by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and on activation of the GPCR by an agonist, [³⁵S]GTPγS, becomes incorporated and cannot be cleaved to continue the exchange cycle (Harper (1998) Current Protocols in Pharmacology 2.6.1-10, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.). The amount of radioactive [³⁵S]GTPγS incorporation is a direct measure of the activity of the G-protein and hence the activity of the agonist can be determined. mGluR2 receptors are shown to be preferentially coupled to Gal-protein, a preferential coupling for this method, and hence it is widely used to study receptor activation of mGluR2 receptors both in recombinant cell lines and in tissues. Here we describe the use of the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay using membranes from cells transfected with the human mGluR2 receptor and adapted from Schaffhauser et al. ((2003) Molecular Pharmacology 4:798-810) for the detection of the positive allosteric modulation (PAM) properties of the compounds of this invention.

Membrane Preparation

CHO-cells were cultured to pre-confluence and stimulated with 5 mM butyrate for 24 h, prior to washing in PBS, and then collected by scraping in homogenisation buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, 4° C.). Cell lysates were homogenized briefly using an ultra-turrax homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 16,000 RPM (Sorvall RC-5C plus rotor SS-34) for 10 minutes and the supernatant discarded. The pellet was resuspended in 5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 and centrifuged again (18,000 RPM, 20 min, 4° C.). The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 and stored at −80° C. in appropriate aliquots before use. Protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method (Bio-Rad, USA) with bovine serum albumin as standard.

[³⁵S]GTPγS Binding Assay

Measurement of mGluR2 positive allosteric modulatory activity of test compounds was performed as follows. Test compounds and glutamate were diluted in assay buffer containing 10 mM HEPES acid, 10 mM HEPES salt, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl₂ and 10 μM GDP. Human mGlu2 receptor-containing membranes were thawed on ice and diluted in assay buffer supplemented with 14 μg/ml saponin. Membranes were pre-incubated with compound alone or together with a predefined (˜EC₂₀) concentration of glutamate (PAM assay) for 30 min at 30° C. After addition of [³⁵S]GTPγS (f.c. 0.1 nM) microplates were shaken briefly and further incubated to allow [³⁵S]GTPγS incorporation on activation (30 minutes, 30° C.). Final assay mixtures contained 7 μg of membrane protein in 10 mM HEPES acid, 10 mM HEPES salt, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl₂, 10 M GDP and 10 μg/ml saponin. Total reaction volume was 200 μl. Reactions were terminated by rapid filtration through Unifilter-96 GF/B filter plates (Packard, Meriden, Conn.) using a 96-well Packard filtermate harvester. Filters were washed 6 times with ice-cold 10 mM NaH₂PO₄/10 mM Na₂HPO₄, pH 7.4. Filters were then air-dried, and 40 μl of liquid scintillation cocktail (Microscint-O) was added to each well. Membrane-bound radioactivity was counted in a Microplate Scintillation and Luminescence Counter from Packard.

Data Analysis

The concentration-response curves of representative compounds of the present invention-obtained in the presence of EC₂₀ of mGluR2 agonist glutamate to determine positive allosteric modulation (PAM)—were generated using the Lexis software interface (developed at J&J). Data were calculated as % of the control glutamate response, defined as the maximal response that is generated upon addition of glutamate alone. Sigmoid concentration-response curves plotting these percentages versus the log concentration of the test compound were analyzed using non-linear regression analysis. The concentration producing half-maximal effect is then calculated as EC₅₀.

The pEC₅₀ values below were calculated as the −log EC₅₀, when the EC₅₀ is expressed in M. Table 3 below shows the pharmacological data obtained for a selected set of compounds.

Motor Activity (Video Tracking)

Apparatus and General Procedure

On the day of experiments, the mice were brought into the procedural room. They were housed individually and allowed to acclimate for at least a half hour prior to testing. Although the studies were conducted during the light cycle (from 8:00 to 16:00 h), the procedure room was only sparsely lit (3 to 30 LUX) to provide better contrast for the video tracking. Local lighting was used for the injection procedures. During each trial, an individual mouse was placed in an open field arena (grey PVC cylinder with a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 22.5 cm). Each arena was placed on an infrared LED (8×8 LEDs)-lit box (white PVC squared box; 40×40 cm²; height 12.5 cm). Each mouse was placed in the center of the arena and allowed to explore freely for 30 min. After each trial, the arena was cleaned with a wet and subsequently with a dry cleaning cloth. An infrared sensitive tube camera and a white light source (in arena: 4-7 LUX) were mounted to the ceiling above the observation chamber to record and input activity to a computer. Animal behavior was recorded and analyzed using the Noldus Ethovision XT Video Tracking System (Version 3.1; Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The total distance traveled (cm) was calculated. Data were then exported to data management systems for further analysis and reporting.

Phencyclidine (PCP)-Induced Hyperlocomotion in Mice

Test compound or solvent was administered at a pre-defined time before measurement (standard: 30 min) to male NMRI mice that were challenged with phencyclidine (PCP; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before measurement. Activity was measured for a period of 30 min. Criterion for drug-induced inhibition of hyperlocomotion: total distance <5500 counts (3.9% false positives in controls; n=154). The results are shown in table 4a below.

d-Amphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion in Mice

Test compound or solvent was administered at a pre-defined time before measurement (standard: 30 min) to male NMRI mice that were challenged with d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before measurement. Activity was measured for a period of 30 min. Criterion for drug-induced inhibition of hyperlocomotion: total distance <5500 counts (4.1% false positives in controls; n=410). Compound 43 inhibited the amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (ED₅₀: 37 mg/kg s.c.).

Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR) Test

Apparatus

The apparatus consisted of an inner box surrounded by an outer box. The inner box was composed of four walls of transparent, synthetic material (length×width×height: 30×30×30 cm), an open top, and a grid floor made of 15 pairs of iron bars (2 mm diameter; 6 mm inter-bar distance). Odd and even bars were connected with a source of alternative current (1.0 mA; Coulbourn Instruments Solid State Shocker/Distributor), which could be interrupted by a switch. The outer box was composed of the same material (length×width×height: 40×40×36 cm), also with an open top, with a distance of 5 cm between the inner and outer box on all sides. To decrease the amount of environmental stimuli, three walls of the outer box were made non-transparent. The front wall was left transparent to allow the necessary inspection of the animal during the test. The upper edge of the outer and inner box served as a target for the rats on which to jump with fore- and hind-paws, respectively.

Avoidance Conditioning and Selection of Animals

From their arrival in the laboratory on the experimental day, male Wiga Wistar rats (230±30 g) were housed in individual cages provided with bedding material. The rats received 5 training sessions at 15-min time intervals over a 1-h period during which, the rats were conditioned to avoid an electric shock: the rat was placed on the non-electrified grid floor and the grid was electrified 10 s later for not more than 30 s, if the rat did not jump out of the box. Only rats that showed correct avoidance responses in all the last 3 training sessions were included for further experiments, and received the test compound or solvent immediately after the last training session.

Experimental Sessions

The rats were tested 3 times, i.e. at 60, 90 and 120 min after the injection of test compound or solvent. Latency to avoidance was recorded. The median avoidance response obtained over the three experimental sessions for each rat were used for further calculations. A median avoidance latency >8 s was selected as an all-or-none criterion for drug-induced inhibition of avoidance (occurring in only 1.5% of solvent-pretreated control rats; n=66). The results of this test are shown in table 4b below.

Reversal of Memantine-Induced Brain Activation in Mice

NMDA receptor hypofunction is hypothesized to be involved in schizophrenia. Subanaesthetic doses of the NMDA antagonist ketamine have been shown to induce behavioural, perceptual and cognitive changes in healthy volunteers similar to positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Autoradiographic assessment of radiolabeled [¹⁴C]-2-deoxyglucose ([¹⁴C]2DG) uptake is commonly used to investigate brain activation. In humans, cerebral blood flow is increased in specific brain regions after administration of a subanaesthetic dose of ketamine. Ketamine-induced alterations in 2DG uptake have therefore been suggested as a model to investigate the effects of antipsychotic drugs. When evaluating different NMDA antagonists, we found that memantine induced more robust brain activation with a greater dynamic window for testing drugs. Validating our choice to use memantine, we found that in accordance to the ketamine model, the atypical antipsychotic clozapine reversed memantine induced brain glucose metabolism, whereas the typical antipsychotic haloperidol was inactive in this test. In the same model, we have found that the mGlu2/3 agonist LY404039 inhibited memantine-induced increase in 2DG uptake in mouse brain.

Method

Male mice (C57BL/6, weight 24-28 g, fasted overnight; n=10 animals per group) were treated with vehicle or test compound (s.c.) in randomized order (t=0 min). Memantine (20 mg/kg, s.c.) was injected 30 min later (t=30 min). At t=45 min, [¹⁴C]2DG (0.16 μCi/g) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), followed by a 45 min uptake period. Animals were decapitated (t=90 min), plasma glucose levels measured, the brain removed, rapidly frozen and stored at −20° C. until sectioned. Brain sections were exposed together to a precalibrated [¹⁴C]standard on film, which was developed after four days of exposure. Local tissue [¹⁴C]concentration (nCi/mg tissue equivalent—TEQ—) in each region of interest was determined.

Data was analyzed statistically using a two-way ANOVA analysis followed by post-hoc tests (memantine response versus reversal by the compound). The results are shown in table 5 below, expressed as lowest active dose (L.A.D.) required to exert a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction of 2DG uptake in the hippocampus compared to memantine response.

Sleep Wake Electroencephalography (SW-EEG) in Rats

SW-EEG analyses are a highly sensitive read-out of a compound's central functional activity that may provide additional insight in the potential therapeutic application (i.e. via drug classification fingerprinting). Systemic administration of an mGlu2/3 receptor agonist and PAM has been shown to selectively suppress rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rat. Internal efforts have confirmed that this effect is mGlu2 receptor-mediated, i.e. is absent in mGlu2 KO mice. Sleep abnormalities are often associated with CNS disorders; as such, the potential use of mGlu2 modulators could also have benefit in the treatment of CNS disorders in which (REM) sleep aberrations are manifested. More specifically, the combination of a persistent reduction in REM occurrence and an increase in REM latency is one of the key features of the typical SW architecture fingerprint of most clinically active antidepressants.

We investigated the effects of oral administration of compounds according to the invention on SW organization in rats. The mGlu2/3 receptor agonists LY404039 and LY354740 were also evaluated to allow comparison.

A selection of compounds was found to dose-dependently decrease REM sleep in rats (lowest active dose was 3 or 10 mg/kg, p.o.). Similarly, acute dosing of LY354740 showed a decrease in REM sleep (lowest active dose 3 mg/kg, s.c.); also compound LY404039 was found to affect REM sleep (3 mg/kg, p.o.) qualitatively in a comparable way.

Subchronic treatment (once daily dosing for 7 days) with LY354740 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) led to tolerance (from day 3 onward, the effect on REM sleep started to diminish, with loss of activity of the 3 and 10 mg/kg dose), whereas a similar treatment schedule (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) did not diminish the effects of compound 43.

TABLE 3 Pharmacological data for compounds according to the invention. GTPγS - hR2 Co. No. PAM pEC₅₀ 1 6.68 2 7.41 3 6.94 4 7.62 5  6.88‡ 6  6.89‡ 7 7.4  8  7.01‡ 9 6.57 10 6.16 11  5.12‡ 12 7.33 13 7.13 14 6.37 15 6.75 16 6.75 17 7.45 18 7.16 19 n.c. 20 7.25 21 6.61 22 7.26 23 6.98 24  6.33‡ 25 6.42 26 6.99 27 7.51 28 6.53 29 n.c. 30 6.95 31 6.27 32 7.03 33  5.15‡ 34 7.35 35 5.91 36  5.95‡ 37 6.51 38 7.74 39 7.52 40 6.67 41 7.21 42 6.83 43 7.79 44 6.02 45  6.07‡ 46 8.03 47 n.c. 48  6.9‡ 49 n.c. 50 n.c. 51  8.35‡ 52  6.98‡ 53 6.07 54 6.95 55 8.22 56  6.02‡ 57  8.16‡ 58 6.23 59 7.17 60 6.33 61 7.98 62 6.41 63 6.08 64 6.65 65 8.41 66 6.94 67 7.36 68 7.55 69 n.t. 70 n.t. 71  6.65‡ 72 7.06 73 6.13 74 6.85 75 7.05 76 6.93 77  7.68‡ 78 6.83 79 7.28 80 7.27 81 6.85 82 7.51 83 7.64 84 7.86 85 8.06 86 7.95 87 6.94 88 6.18 89  6.46‡ 90 6.61 91 7.27 92 6.87 93 6.53 94 n.c. 95  5.93‡ 96 5.88 97 6.3  98 6.75 99 6.03 100 6.51 101 6.24 102 6.5  103  5.63‡ 104 7.7  105  6.17‡ 106 6.45 107 7.22 108  6.91‡ 109 7.29 110 6.86 111 6.26 112 8.19 113 7.59 114 6.33 115 n.c. 116 n.c. 117 6.68 118 6.83 119 5.76 120 6.31 121 6.63 122 7.3  123 7.39 124 6.98 125 n.c. 126 n.c. 127 6.42 128 6.73 129 6.92 130 6.4  131 7.34 132 6.68 133 7.05 134 7.17 135 6.77 136  7.69‡ 137 6.87 138 n.c. 139 8.36 140 6.55 141 6.95 142  6.55‡ 143 n.c. 144 6.25 145 6.38 146 7.02 147 6.61 148 6.44 149 6.5‡ 150  6.97‡ 151 7.48 152 6.78 153 6.71 154 7.13 155  6.83‡ 156 n.c. 157 6.18 158 6.14 159 6.69 160 6.73 161  5.68‡ 162 6.93 163  6.97‡ 164 6.46 165 6.41 166 7.22 167  6.47‡ 168 7.22 169  7.77‡ 170  5.84‡ 171 6.6  172 n.c. 173  6.32‡ 174  5.91‡ 175 6.33 176 6.3  177 7.67 178 n.c. 179  5.79‡ 180 7.23 181 n.c. 182 7.03 183 7.08 184 6.81 185 8.26 186 7.27 187 6.19 188 8‡   189 6.4  190 6.5  191 6.76 192 6.63 193 8.26 194 7.69 195 7.98 196 7.06 197  7.82‡ 198  6.29‡ 199 6.8  200 8.45 201 6.9  202  7.86‡ 203 6.73 204  5.87‡ 205  6.61‡ 206 n.c. 207 7.45 208 7.06 209  7.52‡ 210 6.5  211 7.44 212 8.08 213  6.03‡ 214 7.68 215 5.6‡ 216 6.68 217 n.t. 218  6.05‡ 219  7.24‡ 220 7.37 221 7.55 222 n.c. 223  6.03‡ 224 7.06 225 6.8‡ 226 6.4  227  6.31‡ 228 n.c. 229 n.c. 230  5.61‡ 231 n.c. 232 7.64 233 7.23 234  7.83‡ 235 n.c. 236 n.t. 237 n.c. 238  6.08‡ 239 6.97 240  6.41‡ 241  5.75‡ 242 5.86 243 7.91 244  7.62‡ 245 7.41 246 6.79 247 6.72 248 7.55 249  7.48‡ 250 6.93 251 n.c. 252 n.c. 253 6.87 254 6.63 255  6.78‡ 256 n.c. 257 6.74 258  6.11‡ 259  6.67‡ 260 7.47 261  6.84‡ 262  7.27‡ 263 6.95 264  5.71‡ 265 7.56 266  7.88‡ 267 6.41 268  7.59‡ 269 7.59 270  5.58‡ 271  7.24‡ 272 6.01 273 7.33 274  7.83‡ 275 7.71 276  6.78‡ 277 7.72 278 8.01 279  7.24‡ 280  5.95‡ 281 7.06 282  6.69‡ 283 7.26 284 6.5  285 6.77 286 n.c. 287  7.87‡ 288 n.c. 289 6.87 290 7.13 291 6.83 292  5.84‡ 293  6.31‡ 294 6.59 295  6.32‡ 296 6.95 297  7.61‡ 298 7.77 299  5.97‡ 300 7.24 301  7.45‡ 302 6.55 303 7.3  304 6.12 305 n.t. 306 n.t. 307 6.37 308 n.c. 309 n.c. 310 n.t. 311 7.05 312 6.82 313  6.44‡ 314  6.31‡ 315 7.24 316  5.83‡ 317 n.c. 318 6.21 319 6.84 320 6.02 321 6.96 322 7.29 323  6.61‡ 324 7.27 325 7.55 326 6.92 327  7.71‡ 328 n.t. 329 n.t. 330 n.t. 331 n.c. 332 n.t. 333  6.33‡ 334 n.c. 335  6.42‡ 336  6.08‡ 337  7.23‡ 338  7.42‡ 339  7.15‡ 340  6.57‡ 341 7.9‡ 342  7.35‡ 343 n.c. 344  6.64‡ 345  7.39‡ 346 6.5‡ 347 n.t. 348 n.t. 349 n.t. 350  7.11‡ 351  7.46‡ 352  7.71‡ 353  7.24‡ 354  8.25‡ 355 n.t. 356 n.t. 357 n.t. 359 7‡   360  6.44‡ 361  7.25‡ 362  7.24‡ 363  5.96‡ 364 n.c. 365  6.77‡ 366  6.98‡ 367  7.23‡ 368  6.32‡ n.t. means not tested n.c. means that the EC₅₀ could not be calculated ‡means tested once

EC₅₀ values were not calculated in cases where the concentration-response curve did not reach a plateau level. By definition, the EC₅₀ value of a compound is the concentration needed to reach 50% of the maximal response.

All compounds were tested in presence of mGluR2 agonist, glutamate at a predetermined EC₂₀ concentration, to determine positive allosteric modulation (GTPγS-PAM). pEC₅₀ values were calculated from a concentration-response experiment of at least 10 concentrations. If more experiments were performed, the average pEC₅₀ value is reported and error deviation was <0.5.

TABLE 4a Pharmacological data for compounds according to the invention in the (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotion test in mice. Mice Mice ED₅₀ (mg/kg) ED₅₀ (mg/kg) Co. No. PCP-Inh. Co. No. PCP-Inh. 30 5 ^(a))  3 15.2   43 5.4  250 >10    44 >40    307  1.25 ^(a)) 66 17.4   278  1.25 ^(a)) 76 3.1  281 3.2 ^(a)) 78 ≥10     286 20 ^(a))   17 15.2   288 12.6 ^(a))  15 >10    303 20 ^(a))   97 6.3 ^(a)) 300 12.6 ^(a))  98 >40    311 3.2 ^(a)) 112 2.0  319 20 ^(a))   151 12.6 ^(a))  320 3.2 ^(a)) 298 5.0 ^(a)) 323  1.25 ^(a)) 221 12.6 ^(a))  325 7.9 ^(a)) 224 2.0 ^(a)) 322 7.9 ^(a)) 226 7.9 ^(a)) 326 3.1 ^(a)) 240 12.6 ^(a))  316 12.6 ^(a))  244 5.0 ^(a)) 317 5.0 ^(a)) ED₅₀ is the dose (mg/kg body weight) at which 50% of the tested animals show the effect; Inh. means inhibition. ^(a)) Estimated ED₅₀ values (n = 3 per dose; 4-fold separation between doses)

TABLE 4b Pharmacological data for compounds according to the invention in the CAR test in rats. Rats ED₅₀ (mg/kg) Co. No. CAR-Inh. 3 14.1*^(a)) 10.7     43 16.3*   2.35 76 ≥40*    15 ≥40*    97 32*^(b))   16^(b))   298 5.0^(b)) 224 5.0^(b)) ED₅₀ is the dose (mg/kg body weight) at which 50% of the tested animals show the effect. Inh. means inhibition; *means the compound was administered orally. ^(a))Estimated ED₅₀ value (irregular dose-response) ^(b))Estimated ED₅₀ values (n = 3 per dose; 4-fold separation between doses)

Compounds 30, 3, 43, 66, 76, 17, 97, 112, 151, 298, 221, 224, 226, 240, 307, 278, 281, 286, 288, 298, 303, 300, 311, 319, 320, 323, 325, 326, 316 and 317 inhibited PCP-induced hyperlocomotion in mice, compound 43 was also active against d-amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice, and compounds 3, 43, 97, 224 and 298 also inhibited the conditioned avoidance response in rats, attesting to their possible antipsychotic potential.

TABLE 5 Pharmacological data for compounds according to the invention in the reversal of memantine-induced brain activation in mice. Mice L.A.D. Co. No. (mg/kg, s.c.) 3 ≤2.5 43 ≤2.5 97 ≤10 98 ≤10 112 ≤2.5 151 10 ≤ means that the compound was active at the indicated dose level and was not tested at lower doses.

The observed reversal in memantine-induced 2DG uptake indicates that mGlu2 PAMs may have antipsychotic-like properties.

E. Composition Examples

“Active ingredient” as used throughout these examples relates to a final compound of formula (I), the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the solvates and the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof.

Typical examples of recipes for the formulation of the invention are as follows:

1. Tablets

Active ingredient 5 to 50 mg Di-calcium phosphate 20 mg Lactose 30 mg Talcum 10 mg Magnesium stearate 5 mg Potato starch ad 200 mg

In this Example, active ingredient can be replaced with the same amount of any of the compounds according to the present invention, in particular by the same amount of any of the exemplified compounds.

2. Suspension

An aqueous suspension is prepared for oral administration so that each 1 milliliter contains 1 to 5 mg of one of the active compounds, 50 mg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 mg of sodium benzoate, 500 mg of sorbitol and water ad 1 ml.

3. Injectable

A parenteral composition is prepared by stirring 1.5% by weight of active ingredient of the invention in 10% by volume propylene glycol in water.

4. Ointment

Active ingredient 5 to 1000 mg Stearyl alcohol 3 g Lanoline 5 g White petroleum 15 g Water ad 100 g

In this Example, active ingredient can be replaced with the same amount of any of the compounds according to the present invention, in particular by the same amount of any of the exemplified compounds.

Reasonable variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the scope of the invention. It will be obvious that the thus described invention may be varied in many ways by those skilled in the art. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of treating a central nervous system disorder is (a) a psychotic disorder, selected from the group consisting of delusional disorder, and substance induced psychotic disorder, (b) a substance abuse or substance-related disorder, (c) a eating disorder, (d) a cognitive disorder selected from the group consisting of delirium, substance induced persisting delirium, dementia, dementia due to HIV disease, dementia due to Huntington's disease, dementia due to Parkinson's disease, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, substance induced persisting dementia, and mild cognitive impairment, (e) neurotoxicity, or (f) ischemia, said method comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):

or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof wherein n is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1 and 2; m is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, and 2; R is selected from methyl or trifluoromethyl; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het²; and Het²C₁₋₃ alkyl; R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃ alkyl; {circle around (L)} is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h) below

wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents or hydroxyl; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy-C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃ alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may each be independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃-alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C_(1,3)alkyloxy; unsubstituted phenyloxy; phenyloxy substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃ alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyloxy(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy; unsubstituted (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)oxy, phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyloxy C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃ alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenylamino; phenylamino substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo substituents; (phenylC₁₋₃alkyl)amino; (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃alkyl); (C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; Het¹; Het²; Het²oxy; Het²methyloxy; Het³; and phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N—CH—NH—  (a) —CH—CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂CH₂NH—  (c); R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl; hydroxylC₁₋₃alkyloxy; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyl; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyloxy; cyano; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h);

wherein each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) and W^(1f) is independently selected from CH and N; each R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(7g), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(8g) is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or each CR^(7d)R^(8d), CR^(7e)R^(8e), CR^(7f)R^(8f), CR^(7g)R^(8g) form a carbonyl group; each R^(9d), R^(9g), R^(9f), and R^(9g) is fluoro; each q1, q2, q3 or q4 is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; each R^(3b) and R^(3c) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl part of the substituent may each be independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl, and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted (phenyloxy) C₁₋₃alkyl, (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃ alkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; (phenylamino)(C₁₋₃alkyl); phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula (a), (b) or (c) as previously defined; Het¹; Het²; Het³; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, or hydroxyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; and [phenyl(C₃₋₇-cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3d) and R^(4d) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; each R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(5c), R^(5d), R^(6a), R^(6b), R^(6c) and R^(6d) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl, or each pair R^(5a)R^(6a), R^(5b)R^(6b), R^(5c)R^(6c), R^(5d)R^(5d) are substituents on the same carbon atom and each CR^(5a)R^(6a), CR^(5b)R^(6b), CR^(5c)R^(6c), CR^(5d)R^(6d) together form a (C═O) or a C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene radical, each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is selected from H, C₁₋₃alkyl and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; wherein, in (L-e), t is 1, 2, or 3; when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl, phenyloxy and phenylamino, each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; or when t is 1 or 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i) or formula (j)

wherein each R^(13i) and R^(13j) is independently selected from methyl and trifluoromethyl; each R^(14i) or R^(14j) is fluoro; each u1 and u2 is independently 0, 1 or 2; v1 is selected from the group of 0, 1 and 2; v2 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; each z1 and z2 is independently selected from the group of 0, 1 and 2; each k1 and k2 is independently selected from the group of 0, 1 and 2; wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; wherein in (L-g), x is 0 or 1 and y is 1 or 2, provided when x is 0, y is 1 or 2, and when x is 1, y is 1; Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and phenyl when x is 0 and y is 2; or Z is NR¹⁶ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 1 and y is 1; wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 halo substituents; wherein in (L-h), Q is O or N—R¹⁸, wherein R¹⁸ is selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; wherein each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, halo, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; each Het³ is a heterocyclic radical selected from 1,3-thiazolyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl; unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; and unsubstituted 1H-indolyl; each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein n is selected from 0 and 1; m is selected from 0 and 1; R is methyl; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃ alkyloxy)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy] C₁₋₃alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; (C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃ alkyl; [(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het²; and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is selected from the group consisting of cyano; halo; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; C₁₋₃alkyl; and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; {circumflex over (L)} is an N-containing heterocycle selected from the group consisting of (L-a), (L-b), (L-c), (L-d), (L-e), (L-f), (L-g) and (L-h); wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, hydroxyl, and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyloxy substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo substituents; phenyl(C₁₋₃alkyl)oxy wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 independently selected halo substituents; (phenyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl part of the substituent is substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; unsubstituted phenylamino; phenylamino substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; (phenylC₁₋₃ alkyl)amino; Het¹; Het²; Het²oxy; Het²methyloxy; and Het³; R^(4a) is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; C₁₋₃ alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; and unsubstituted phenyl; or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h); wherein each W^(1d), W^(1e), W^(2e) and W^(1f) is independently selected from CH and N; each R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(7g), R^(8d), R^(8e), R^(8f), R^(8g) is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and fluoro; or each CR^(7d)R^(8d), CR^(7g)R^(8g) form a carbonyl group; each R^(9d), R^(9e), R^(9f) and R^(9g) is fluoro; each q1, q2, q3 or q4 is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; each R^(3b) and R^(3c) is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents; unsubstituted (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl; (phenyl)C₁₋₃alkyl wherein the phenyl and the C₁₋₃alkyl parts of the substituent may each be independently substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; Het²; Het³; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, and hydroxyl; and [phenyl(C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)]C₁₋₃alkyl; each R^(3d) and R^(4d) is independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; each R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(5c), R^(5d), R^(6a), R^(6b), R^(6c) and R^(6d) is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C₁₋₃alkyl; or CR^(5b)R^(6b) together form a (C═O) or a C₃₋₇cycloalkylidene radical; each R^(10a), R^(10b) and R^(10c) is H; wherein, in (L-e), when t is 1 or 2, R¹¹ is hydrogen and R¹² is selected from a substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl, phenyloxy and phenylamino, each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; or when t is 1, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein R^(14i) is fluoro; u1 is 0 or 1; v1 is 2; z 1 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; k1 is 0; or when t is 3, then CR¹¹R¹² form a radical of formula (i); wherein R^(14i) is fluoro; u1 is 0 or 1; v1 is 0; z 1 is selected from the group of 1 and 2; k1 is 0; wherein, in (L-f) w is 1 or 2; wherein in (L-g), x is 0 or 1 and y is 1 or 2, provided when x is 0, y is 1 or 2, and when x is 1, y is 1; Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 0 and y is 1; or Z is CR¹⁶R¹⁷ and R¹⁵ is phenyl when each x is 0 and y is 2; or Z is NR¹⁶ and R¹⁵ is hydrogen when each x is 1 and y is 1; wherein R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 halo substituents; wherein in (L-h), Q is O; each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of fluoro, C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more halo substituents, and unsubstituted phenyl; and each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halo; C₁₋₃alkyl; and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; each Het³ is a heterocyclic radical selected from 1,3-thiazolyl optionally substituted with C₁₋₃ alkyl; unsubstituted benzofuranyl; unsubstituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromenyl; and unsubstituted 1H-indolyl; each halo is selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, and bromo; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein n is selected from 0 or 1; m is 0 or 1; R is methyl; R¹ is selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl) C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is selected from halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkyl substituted with one or more independently selected halo substituents; {circumflex over (L)} is selected from (L-a) and (L-b); wherein R^(3a) is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 independently selected halo substituents; pyridinyl; and pyrimidinyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halo and C₁₋₃alkyl; or CR^(3a)R^(4a) forms a radical of formula (d); wherein W^(1d) is CH; R^(7d) and R^(8d) are both methyl; R^(9d) is fluoro; q1 is 1; R^(3b) is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 halo substituents; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are hydrogen; and R^(10a) and R^(10b) are hydrogen; halo is fluoro or chloro; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein m is 0; {circumflex over (L)} is selected from the group consisting of (L-a′) and (L-b′)

R¹ is selected from hydrogen; C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy) C₁₋₃ alkyloxy]C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, C(═O)R′, C(═O)OR′, C(═O)NR′R″, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl, (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl) C₁₋₃ alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, wherein R′ and R″ are independently selected from hydrogen and C₁₋₆alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl) C₁₋₃alkyl; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; Het¹ and Het²C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is selected from cyano; halo; mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyloxy; C₁₋₃alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl) C₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃ alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy C₁₋₃ alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyloxy, mono-, di- and trihaloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N═CH—NH—  (a), —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂CH₂NH—  (c); morpholinyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl or hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; hydroxyl; C₁₋₃ alkyl; C₁₋₃alkyloxy; hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl; hydroxyl-C₁₋₃alkyloxy; fluoroC₁₋₃alkyl; fluoroC₁₋₃ alkyloxy; cyano; unsubstituted phenyl; or phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d′) or (e′) or (f′) or (g′)

wherein W^(1d), W^(1e) and W^(1f) are each selected from CH or N; R^(7d), R^(7e), R^(7f), R^(8d), R^(8e) and R^(8f) are each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or fluoro; R^(9d), R^(9e) and R^(9f) are each selected from hydrogen or fluoro; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and C₁₋₃ alkyl or CR^(5a)R^(6a) and CR^(5b)R^(6b) together form a C₃₋₇cycloalkyl radical; n is 0 or 1; wherein each Het¹ is a saturated heterocyclic radical selected from pyrrolidinyl; piperidinyl; piperazinyl; and morpholinyl; each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C₁₋₆alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl and phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, trifluoromethyl, and trifluoromethoxy; and each Het² is an aromatic heterocyclic radical selected from unsubstituted pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
 5. The method claim 4, wherein R^(3b) is selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- and di(C₁₋₃ alkyl)amino, and morpholinyl; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyC₁₋₃ alkyl, mono-, di- or tri-halo C₁₋₃alkyl, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, C₁₋₃alkyloxyC₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyloxy, mono-, di- and trihalo C₁₋₃alkyloxy, C₁₋₃alkylcarbonyl, mono- or di(C₁₋₃alkyl)amino, morpholinyl and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; phenyl with two vicinal substituents which taken together form a bivalent radical of formula —N═CH—NH—  (a), —CH═CH—NH—  (b), or —O—CH₂CH₂NH—  (c); pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl or hydroxyl.
 6. The method claim 5, wherein R¹ is selected from C₁₋₆alkyl; (C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; [(C₁₋₃alkyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyloxy]-C₁₋₃alkyl; mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; (benzyloxy)C₁₋₃alkyl; unsubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl; (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)-C₁₋₃alkyl; 4-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine)methyl; Het¹; and Het¹C₁₋₃alkyl; R² is cyano; halo or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl; R^(3a) and R^(3b) are each selected from unsubstituted phenyl; phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxyl-C₁₋₃alkyl, mono-, di- and tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxyl and C₁₋₃alkyloxy; unsubstituted benzyl; benzyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, mono-, di- or tri-haloC₁₋₃alkyl, and (C₃₋₇cycloalkyl)C₁₋₃alkyloxy; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; and C₃₋₇cycloalkyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from C₁₋₃alkyl, trihaloC₁₋₃alkyl and hydroxyl; R^(4a) is selected from hydrogen; halogen; trifluoromethyl; unsubstituted phenyl; and phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C₁₋₃alkyloxy, hydroxyC₁₋₃alkyl, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy; or R^(3a)—C—R^(4a) together represent a radical of formula (d′) or (e′) or (f′) or (g′)

wherein w^(1d), W^(1e) and W^(1f) are each selected from CH and N; n is 0 or 1; R^(5a), R^(5b), R^(6a) and R^(6b) are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen and C₁₋₃ alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is: 8-chloro-7-(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyridine; 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine; 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.1.1HCl; 1′-[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-yl]-5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine], 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine.1.8 HCl, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, 8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, or 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-fluoro-4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof.
 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is: 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-phenyl-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine 3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-8-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine; 8-chloro-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-[(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) is contained within a pharmaceutical composition further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is the psychotic disorder selected from the group consisting of delusional disorder and substance induced psychotic disorder.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is a substance abuse or substance-related disorder.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the substance abuse or substance-related disorder is alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol induced psychotic disorder, amphetamine dependence, amphetamine withdrawal, cocaine dependence, cocaine withdrawal, nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal, opioid dependence or opioid withdrawal.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is an eating disorder.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the eating disorder is anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is a cognitive disorder selected from the group consisting of delirium, substance induced persisting delirium, dementia, dementia due to HIV disease, dementia due to Huntington's disease, dementia due to Parkinson's disease, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, substance induced persisting dementia, and mild cognitive impairment.
 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is neurotoxicity.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the central nervous system disorder is ischemia.
 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to a patient in need thereof of a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 in combination with an orthosteric agonist of mGluR2. 